General information
Type of Incompatibility: Territory
Comment on Type of Incompatibility: On August 17, 2014, the Popular Front for the Rebirth of Central African Republic (FPRC) made a press release declaring the establishment of an independent state, but the leadership later denied making such a statement.
Territory: Logone
Date of first stated goal of incompatibility: 2014-08-17
Comment on date of first stated goals of incompatibility: On August 17, 2014, the Popular Front for the Rebirth of Central African Republic (FPRC) made a press release declaring the establishment of an independent state, but the leadership later denied making such a statement.
Date of first battle related death: 2015-02-10
Date of conflict reached 25 battle releated deaths: 2015-10-10
Annual information
This section contains annual information systematically collected by the UCDP.
2013
Primary Parties: -
Dimension: Internal
| Estimated Fatalities | |
|---|---|
| High | 0 |
| Best | 0 |
| Low | 0 |
Numbers include fatalities for all dyads both active and inactive for this year
2014
Primary Parties: -
Dimension: Internal
| Estimated Fatalities | |
|---|---|
| High | 0 |
| Best | 0 |
| Low | 0 |
Numbers include fatalities for all dyads both active and inactive for this year
2015
Primary Parties: Government of Central African Republic - FPRC
Secondary Warring Parties Side A: Government of Bangladesh, Government of Benin, Government of Bhutan, Government of Bolivia, Government of Brazil, Government of Burkina Faso, Government of Burundi, Government of Cambodia (Kampuchea), Government of Cameroon, Government of Congo, Government of Djibouti, Government of DR Congo (Zaire), Government of Egypt, Government of France, Government of Gabon, Government of Gambia, Government of Ghana, Government of Guatemala, Government of Guinea, Government of Hungary, Government of Indonesia, Government of Ivory Coast, Government of Jordan, Government of Kenya, Government of Madagascar, Government of Mali, Government of Mauritania, Government of Moldova, Government of Morocco, Government of Nepal, Government of Niger, Government of Nigeria, Government of Pakistan, Government of Paraguay, Government of Peru, Government of Romania, Government of Rwanda, Government of Senegal, Government of Serbia (Yugoslavia), Government of Sri Lanka, Government of Tanzania, Government of Thailand, Government of Togo, Government of Tunisia, Government of Turkey, Government of United States of America, Government of Vietnam (North Vietnam), Government of Yemen (North Yemen), Government of Zambia
Dimension: Internationalized intrastate
Comment on Dimension: MINUSCA was a secondary warring party to the Government of Central Africa due to the "restoration/extension of state authority" mandate.
| Estimated Fatalities | |
|---|---|
| High | 28 |
| Best | 28 |
| Low | 28 |
Numbers include fatalities for all dyads both active and inactive for this year
2016
Primary Parties: -
Dimension: Internationalized intrastate
Comment on Dimension: MINUSCA was a secondary warring party to the Government of Central Africa due to the "restoration/extension of state authority" mandate.
| Estimated Fatalities | |
|---|---|
| High | 12 |
| Best | 12 |
| Low | 12 |
Numbers include fatalities for all dyads both active and inactive for this year
2017
Primary Parties: -
Dimension: Internationalized intrastate
Comment on Dimension: MINUSCA was a secondary warring party to the Government of Central Africa due to the "restoration/extension of state authority" mandate.
| Estimated Fatalities | |
|---|---|
| High | 34 |
| Best | 34 |
| Low | 34 |
Numbers include fatalities for all dyads both active and inactive for this year
Peace agreements
Name of peace agreement: Political Agreement for Peace in the Central African Republic
Date when warring parties signed the agreement: 2017-06-19
Comment of peace agreement: Full peace agreement
The agreement established an immediate ceasefire and agreements on political, economic, humanitarian and social concerns.
The agreement included cessation of hostilities and representation from political groups at all levels related to DDRR and Security Sector Reform. The agreement also provided for the intergration of a selection of members of the politico-military groups into the defence forces following the transition phase.
With regard to the incompatibility, the agreement stipulated the integration of all politico-military groups into the political process. It granted all politico-military groups political representation in the reconstruction process. It also reaffirmed respect for the integrity of national territory, the 2016 elections, and efforts toward reconciliation.
Further provisions included respect for freedom of movement, restoration of state authority, and humanitarian efforts. The agreement was reached through Mediation of the Community of Sant'Egidio and with the presence of observers from the international community, of the UN envoy Parfait Onanga -Anyanga, the European Union and the Italian Government.
Signatories: For the government:
Charles-Armel Doubane, Central African foreign minister
Georges-Isidore-Alphonse Dibert presidential advisor
For the politico-military groups Moustapha abakar RPRC Brahim Abdoulaye FPRC Barthelemy Boguyanan FDPC Soulemane Daouda UPC Herbert Gotran Djono-Ahaba RPRC Laurent Djim-Woei Bebiti RJ Belanga Dieu Benit Christian Gbeya-Kikobet UFR-F Habib Hodi UPC Bienvenu Bertrand Kounkou RJ Sayo Abdel Karim Moussa MPC Thierry Cyprien M'Pondo Seleka Renovee Dieudonne Ndomete, Coordination anti Balaka Jean de Dieu Ngaissona, anti Balaka Aile Mokom Larry Fabrice Nordine-Mindom-Mahalba MLJC Judicael Orofe Moganazoum Coordination anti Balaka Simon Pierre Passi Ingam - RJ Belanga Jean-Rock Sobi - FDPC Deya Gilbert - Toumou - MLJC Guy Bongarka Wabilo, anti Balaka Aile Mokom Bernard Francois Wagramale UFR
For Sant'Egidio Andrea Riccardi
In the presence of Parfait Onanga-Anyanga UN MINUSCA Mario Giro Italy Timoleon Baikoua Members of the National Assembly Bertin Bea KNK Anicet Dologuele URCA Ferdinand Alexandre Nguendet RPR Martin Ziguele MPLC Ibrahim Hassan Frede COMUC
Comment of signatories: Dyadic Peace Agreement signed in Rome, Italy on 19 June 2017.
The accord was between government and 13 of 14 armed groups, excluding the "Retour Reclamation et Rehabilitation" or 3R.
Patrice Edouard Ngaissona did not sign the agreement and claimed that the signatories did not have permission to do so.
Third parties: Roman Catholic Community of Sant'Egidio
Members of the National Assembly
Political parties
Religious leaders
Comment of third parties role in peace agreement: The Roman Catholic Sant' Egidio peace group worked with the parties in CAR for years and mediated the agreement. Observers of the signing included, among others, members of the UN, EU, and Italian Government.
Comment of Duration: Clashes between the armed groups signing the agreement continued despite the peace agreement.
Full-text peace agreement
2018
Primary Parties: -
Dimension: Internationalized intrastate
| Estimated Fatalities | |
|---|---|
| High | 0 |
| Best | 0 |
| Low | 0 |
Numbers include fatalities for all dyads both active and inactive for this year
2019
Primary Parties: -
Dimension: Internationalized intrastate
Comment on Dimension: MINUSCA was a secondary warring party to the Government of Central Africa due to the "restoration/extension of state authority" mandate.
| Estimated Fatalities | |
|---|---|
| High | 20 |
| Best | 16 |
| Low | 16 |
Numbers include fatalities for all dyads both active and inactive for this year
Peace agreements
Name of peace agreement: Political Agreement for Peace and Reconciliation in the Central African Republic
Date when warring parties signed the agreement: 2019-02-06
Comment of peace agreement: Full peace agreement
After a year of mediation efforts of a team formed by the Economic Community of Central African States (ECCAS), negotiations were held between 24 January and 5 February in Khartoum, Sudan, with the African Union (AU) and the United Nations (UN) leading the talks. The Government of Central African Republic (CAR) and 14 armed groups signed a full peace agreement in Bangui on 6 February 2019. The agreement attracted greater international support, and it had a more comprehensive frame than the agreements in the past. The agreement separated between Government commitments and commitments of the armed groups.
The agreement called for an immediate end to all hostilities and forms of violence between the armed groups and against the government, UN staff, and other humanitarian actors, as well as the civilians. Some rebel units would be integrated into the government forces. The armed groups promised not only to put an end to all forms of recruitment efforts but also to participate in the disarmament, demobilization, reintegration, and repatriation program. The government promised to facilitate the disarmament, demobilization, reintegration and repatriation process and include the participation of the armed groups in all structures of the process. The armed groups agreed to put and immediate end to recruitment into armed groups.
Regarding the incompatibility, the agreement emphasized that the armed groups would respect "the legitimacy of the country’s democratic institutions, the constitutional order, and the territorial integrity and unity of the State of the Central African Republic, as well as its republican and secular character" and they would "agree to abstain from any attempt to access or retain power by force." The government agreed to adopt a new act on decentralization. The government would also ensure that all citizens including members of the armed groups could establish political parties. The parties also agreed "to support the organization of elections at the presidential, legislative, regional and municipal levels in a climate of peace." The government also committed to establishing an inclusive Government. The leaders of the signatory groups was offered positions in the government following the agreement. The Government also committed to establishing different recovery and development programmes throughout the country.
An "Implementation and Monitoring Mechanism" together with the "Executive Monitoring Committee" were formed to monitor and evaluate the implementation of the agreement. The Committee was co-chaired by the government and AU, and it involved the parties to the agreement, guarantors, and facilitators. The government also committed to initiating an extensive campaign on national reconciliation and social cohesion. The government also promised to create the conditions necessary for the voluntary return, reintegration and social reinsertion of all refugees and internally displaced persons.
Signatories: - Government of the Central African Republic, Faustin Archange TOUADERA
- Anti-Balaka – Mokom Branch, Maxime MOKOM
- Anti-Balaka – Ngaïssona Branch, Dieudonné NDOMATE
- Front Démocratique du Peuple Centrafricain (FDPC), Martin KOUMTAMADJI
- Front Populaire pour la Renaissance de la Centrafrique (FPRC), Adam NOUREIDINE
- Mouvement des Libérateurs Centrafricains pour la Justice (MLCJ), Gilbert TOUMOU-DEYA
- Mouvement Patriotique pour la Centrafrique (MPC), Alkatim Ahamat MAHAMAT
- Rassemblement Patriotique pour le Renouveau de la Centrafrique (RPRC), Herbert Gotran DJONO-AHABA
- Retour, Réclamation et Réhabilitation (3R), Bi-Sidi SOULEMANE alias Sidiki
- Révolution et Justice-Belanga Branch (RJ-Belanga), Esther Audrienne GUETEL-MOÏBA
- Révolution et Justice-Sayo Branch (RJ-Sayo Branch), Armel MINGATOLOUM-SAYO
- Séléka Rénovée, Hisseine AKACHA
- Union des Forces Républicaines (UFR), Philippe WAGRAMALE
- Union des Forces Républicaines - Fondamentales (UFR-F), Dieu Bénit Christian GBEYA-KIKOBET
- Union pour la Paix en Centrafrique (UPC), Ali Darassa MAHAMAT
- African Union, Moussa Faki MAHAMAT
- Economic Community of Central African States, Adolphe NAHAYO
Comment of signatories: Comprehensive agreement signed on 6 February 2019 in Bangui. Three of the signatory groups had been active in dyads with the government in UCDPs data prior to the agreement: Anti-Balaka, FPRC and UPC.
Third parties: Economic Community of Central African States, African Union, Sudan
Comment of third parties role in peace agreement: While the Economic Community of Central African States acted as the mediator and guarantor of the agreement, African Union was the other guarantor and one of the co-chairs of the "Executive Monitoring Committee."
The agreement was signed as part of the African Union Initiative for Peace and Reconsiliation in the CAR.
Ended: True
Date agreement ended: 2020-12-15
Comment of Duration: Clashes between the armed groups signing the agreement continued despite the agreement. Besides, one-sided violence organized by some of the parties had kept its pre-agreement intensity level during 2019.
Two of the three special military advisers assigned after the agreement, namely Alkatim Ahamat Mahamat of MPC and Bi-Sidi Soulemane alias Sidiki of 3R, resigned from their positions respectively on 27 August and early September 2019. The third special military adviser, Ali Darassa Mahamat of UPC, did not leave. Nevertheless, UPC continued clashing with other rebel groups as well as the government and continued targeting civilians at the same time. Non-state violence, especially between FPRC and MLCJ, also kept raising concerns.
Starting from April 2020, some of the 2019 Khartum Accord signatory rebel groups declared that they suspended participating in the national unity government, which had been formed following the peace agreement. The conflict spiraled out of control after the Constitutional Court rejected the candidacy of Bozizé for the elections in late December 2020. On 15 December, six rebel groups (MPC, UPC, FPRC, 3R, anti-Balaka Mokom, and anti-Balaka Ngaissona) declared that they were united under the Coalition of Patriots for Change (CPC) banner against the government. The government accused Bozizé of plotting a coup with the CPC rebels. A few days after the elections, President Faustin-Archange Touadéra dismissed three rebel chiefs from the government on 31 December, signaling the end of the Khartoum deal.
Full-text peace agreement
2020
Primary Parties: -
Dimension: Internationalized intrastate
Comment on Dimension: MINUSCA was a secondary warring party to the Government of Central Africa due to the "restoration/extension of state authority" mandate.
| Estimated Fatalities | |
|---|---|
| High | 14 |
| Best | 14 |
| Low | 14 |
Numbers include fatalities for all dyads both active and inactive for this year
2023
Primary Parties: Government of Central African Republic - MPC
Secondary Warring Parties Side A: Government of Bangladesh, Government of Benin, Government of Bhutan, Government of Brazil, Government of Burkina Faso, Government of Burundi, Government of Cambodia (Kampuchea), Government of Cameroon, Government of China, Government of Congo, Government of Djibouti, Government of Egypt, Government of Gambia, Government of Ghana, Government of Guinea, Government of Indonesia, Government of Ivory Coast, Government of Jordan, Government of Mali, Government of Mauritania, Government of Morocco, Government of Nepal, Government of Niger, Government of Nigeria, Government of Pakistan, Government of Peru, Government of Portugal, Government of Romania, Government of Rwanda, Government of Senegal, Government of Serbia (Yugoslavia), Government of Spain, Government of Sri Lanka, Government of Sweden, Government of Tanzania, Government of Togo, Government of Tunisia, Government of Turkey, Government of Zambia
Dimension: Internationalized intrastate
| Estimated Fatalities | |
|---|---|
| High | 31 |
| Best | 31 |
| Low | 31 |
Numbers include fatalities for all dyads both active and inactive for this year
2024
Primary Parties: -
Dimension: Internal
| Estimated Fatalities | |
|---|---|
| High | 0 |
| Best | 0 |
| Low | 0 |
Numbers include fatalities for all dyads both active and inactive for this year
2025
Primary Parties: -
Dimension: Internal
| Estimated Fatalities | |
|---|---|
| High | 0 |
| Best | 0 |
| Low | 0 |
Numbers include fatalities for all dyads both active and inactive for this year
Conflict Archive
This section contains annual information no longer systematically collected by the UCDP.
2013 Conflict Archive
Terminated: NO
2014 Conflict Archive
Terminated: NO
2015 Conflict Archive
Negotiations: YES
Comment on Negotiation: In 2015, the Bangui Forum, a national reconciliation meeting was held. It led to the creation of a national disarmament committee joined by FPRC. FPRC was part of an agreement in May 2015 prior to them passing UCDPs criteria for activity.
Third party involvement: YES
Third party involvement names: MINUSCA
Victory: NO
Terminated: YES
Type of termination: No or Low Activity
Date of termination: 2015-12-31
2016 Conflict Archive
Negotiations: NO
Third party involvement: YES
Third party involvement names: The African Initiative for Peace and Reconciliation
Comment on Third Party Involvement: The African Initiative for Peace and Reconciliation was established at the end of 2016. The initiative aimed to coordinate all mediation efforts in the country. It was led by the AU, with the the support of the countries in the region, through the ECCAS, the International Conference on the Great Lakes Region (ICGLR), Angola, Gabon, the Republic of the Congo and Chad.
Victory: NO
Terminated: NO
2017 Conflict Archive
Negotiations: YES
Comment on Negotiation: The Government and representatives of the armed groups in the coutnry (among them FPRC) and members of the international
community met on 20 and 21 April in Bangui to agree to a pilot programme for the reintegration of former combatants.
FPRC demanded the participation in the Government to join the programme. A pilot programme was launched on 30 August, but the FPRC declared that their participation was conditioned to the release of prisoners.
Third party involvement: YES
Third party involvement names: MINUSCA
Terminated: NO
2018 Conflict Archive
Third party involvement: YES
Third party involvement names: MINUSCA
Terminated: NO
2019 Conflict Archive
Negotiations: YES
Comment on Negotiation: After a year of mediation efforts of a team formed by the Economic Community of Central African States (ECCAS), negotiations were held between 24 January and 5 February, with the African Union (AU) and the United Nations (UN) leading the talks. The Government of Central African Republic (CAR) and 14 armed groups signed the agreement on 6 February 2019 with AU and ECCAS being the guarantors.
Third party involvement: YES
Third party involvement names: Economic Community of Central African States (ECCAS), the African Union (AU) and the United Nations (UN), MINUSCA
Victory: NO
Terminated: NO
2020 Conflict Archive
Terminated: NO
2023 Conflict Archive
Comment on Activity: In November 2023, the leader of MPC announced that they were no longer a part of the CPC alliance and aimed to reintegrate the 2019 peace agreement. However, in early December, MPC forces clashed with Wagner forces who were assisting the CAR government, thus making the Central African Republic: Logone conflict active in 2023. In late December, some high-ranking members of the MPC announced that they refused to accept the statement made by the MPC leader regarding reintegrating the MPC into the 2019 agreement.
Terminated: YES
Type of termination: No or Low Activity
Date of termination: 2023-12-31
Comment on Termination: No activity was recorded in 2024.
2024 Conflict Archive
Terminated: NO
2025 Conflict Archive
Terminated: NO
