SUMMARY

Gangs in Haiti were known for perpetrating violence against civilians in territories under the rule of a rival gang, but also against civilians that lived in the territories they themselves control. This type of violence was intended to intimidate the population into submission.

400 Mawozo often launched violent incursions into territories controlled by rival gangs. These attacks included executions, sexual violence and burning of houses. The goal was to instill fear not only in the rival gang members but also in the civilian population. On the other hand, within the territories they controlled, 400 Mawozo also subjected civilians to severe violence including executions of those perceived as threats or dissenters and the use of sexual violence as a tool of terror. These acts served to maintain a climate of fear, ensuring that the civilian population remained submissive and less likely to resist or cooperate with law enforcement.

400 Mawozo first became active as a one-sided actor in UCDP data in 2022, when the one-sided violence resulted in over 25 civilian deaths. The threshold was reached in April that year when the gang attacked the stronghold of Chen Mechan, member of the G9, directing their attacks to civilians and resulting in over 50 deaths.