SUMMARY

Gran Grif’s operations were characterized by extreme brutality and a systematic targeting of civilians. Emerging as a dominant force in Haiti’s Artibonite department, the gang consolidated its control through violent tactics, including kidnappings and killings. Its sustained assaults resulted in significant civilian casualties and widespread displacement.

Available reporting suggested that Gran Grif justified its attacks as retaliatory measures against resisting local communities. The gang targeted civilians perceived to be involved in various forms of resistance against their dominance, but also at those who were considered allies of local self-defense groups.

The group’s violent campaign escalated in early October 2024, culminating in a devastating attack resulting in at least 100 casualties. On 3 October, Gran Grif launched a deadly assault against civilians in the town of Pont-Sondé, Artibonite department. According to statements attributed to the gang’s leader, the attack was carried out in retaliation for the residents’ support of the Chandelle local self-defense group. Additionally, the attack was seen as revenge against locals who had assisted security forces in regaining control of a police headquarters.

Gran Grif often relied on surprise attacks to spread fear and crush opposition. The assailants used automatic firearms, knives, and arson during the attacks, which led to the destruction of numerous homes and vehicles.

Gran Grif first became active as a one-sided actor in UCDP data in 2024, when the one-sided violence resulted in over 25 civilian deaths. The threshold was reached in October that year when the gang massacred over 100 civilians in Pont-Sondé, Artibonite.