SUMMARY

CSNPD was one of the numerous rebel groups fighting the Chadian government during the 1990s. While the group emerged only in 1992, Chad has been experiencing civil war for almost the entirety of the post-independence period. The dominating fault line has been between the mainly Muslim north and the Christian-dominated south of the country. In line with this pattern, CSNPD, which had its bases in the southern prefectures and in northern Central African Republic, opposed the regime of Idriss Deby, a northerner and Muslim.

While CSNPD was fighting the government from 1992, the first incidents of one-sided violence occurred in 1994. In that year, CSNPD signed two peace agreements with the Government of Chad, the first in February and the second in August. The first was never fully implemented, and CSNPD quickly returned to violence. It was in that period between the failure of the first agreement and the beginning of the second negotiations, that CSNPD carried out one-sided violence. The attacks against civilians were centered around two incidents: First, the group attacked a market in Ba Illi in late June, and second, they attacked several villages in early July. In total, CSNPD killed 124 civilians.

CSNPD first became active as a one-sided actor in UCDP data in 1994, when the one-sided violence resulted in more than 25 civilian deaths. The threshold was reached in early July that year when the group attacked villages in southern Chad which resulted in 100 deaths.