SUMMARY

In the Logone Occidental province, southern Chad, a conflict over land related to grazing and farming areas between the nomadic Fulani herders and local Ngambay farmers erupted in 2025. The conflict was rooted in long-simmering tensions between the two groups related to access to resources, land use and grazing rights. The conflict became deadly in May 2025 as heavy fighting broke out in Mandakao village, resulting in scores killed. The initial violence was followed by reprisal attacks a few days later. Following month, in June 2025, Fulani herders reportedly attacked Oregomel village, located five kilometres from Mandakao village, resulting in additional fatalities of the Ngambay ethnic group.

On 5 July the same year, representatives from the Fulani and Ngambay communities, traditional chiefs and administrative officials, met and signed a reconciliation agreement in Mandakao village. The agreement aimed to the end the cycle of violence and covered particularly the Oregomel and Mandakao villages. It included the creation of community dialogue and monitoring committees to oversee the implementation of the agreement.

The non-state conflict between Fulani and Ngambay is first included in UCDP data in 2025. In May that year, clashes in Mandakao village in the Logone Occidental region resulted in over 25 battle-related deaths.