SUMMARY

The ethnic conflict between Chokwe, Pende and Baluba, Lulua ethnic groups were instigated in 2017 by the ongoing conflict between the Government of DR Congo - Kamuina Nsapu in the greater Kasaï region of DR Congo (Zaire). The conflict exacerbated inter-communal tensions and divisions between the ethnic groups in Kasaï.

Chokwe, Pende communities were reportedly aligned with the Government of DR Congo and Bana Mura, a government-sponsored militia, while Baluba, Lulua communities were associated with the Kamuina Nsapu militia. However, the ethnic conflict was not only rooted in the political grievances voiced by Kamuina Nsapu but also described as a conflict between communities native to the region; Chokwe, Pende, against non-native communities of Southern Kasaï; Baluba, Lulua. The non-natives were portrayed as a threat to the local security and livelihoods of the native peoples.

The non-state conflict between Chokwe, Pende and Baluba, Lulua ethnic groups is first included in UCDP data in 2017. Between 13 and 25 April 2017, the inter-communal violence in Kamonia territory, Kasaï province, resulted in at least 38 battle-related deaths.