SUMMARY

Gangs in Haiti were known for perpetrating violence against civilians in territories under the rule of a rival gang, but also against civilians that lived in the territories they themselves control. This type of violence, in the form of executions and sexual violence, for example, were intended to intimidate the population into submission. After the Delmas 19 gang, Delmas 6 gang, Delmas 95 gang, Nan Belekou gang, Nan Boston gang, Nan Chabón gang, Nan Ti Bwa gang, Pilate base gang, Rue St. Martin gang, Simon Pele gang, Wharf de Jeremie gang coalition led to the creation of the group G9 an Fanmi e Alye, the member’s search for expansion continued.

The G9 carried out an aggressive initiative to expand its control into various neighborhoods within the Port-au-Prince arrondissement. As part of this expansion, the group carried out a series of indiscriminate attacks that resulted in dozens of deaths, injuries, rapes, and house fires. Their tactics included hostage-taking, raids, and the hijacking of public transit vehicles—actions that also led to additional killings, injuries, and sexual violence, further terrorizing the local population.

Over the years, the violence against civilians continued and gradually spread beyond the Port-au-Prince arrondissement, reaching other areas such as Croix-des-Bouquets. Attacks have persisted with similar brutality, including killings, sexual violence, and the destruction of homes, leaving communities in a constant state of fear and displacement.

The group G9 an Fanmi e Alye first became active as a one-sided actor in UCDP data in 2020, when the one-sided violence resulted in over 25 civilian deaths. The threshold was reached in July that year when after two months of continuous acts of indiscriminate violence, the group massacred over 100 civilians in the commune of Cité Soleil, in Port-au-Prince, Haiti.