UCDP

Government of Indonesia - Civilians

General information

Part of Conflict: n/a

First Battle Related Death: 1990-01-16

Date when dyad reached 25 battle releated deaths: 1990-07-14
Comment on date when dyad reached 25 battle related deaths: The Government of Indonesia first became active as a one-sided actor in UCDP data in 1990, when the one-sided violence resulted in over 25 civilian deaths, even though there were unconfirmed reports of one-sided violence in earlier years. The threshold was reached in mid-July of that year when government soldiers shot 26 villagers in Buloh Blang Ara village of Aceh Province.

Conflict issues

Annual information

This section contains annual information systematically collected by the UCDP.

1990

Estimated Fatalities
High	89
Best	89
Low	50

Secondary Warring Support:

Side A (Government of Indonesia): n/a

Side B (Civilians): n/a

1991

Estimated Fatalities
High	589
Best	371
Low	187

Secondary Warring Support:

Side A (Government of Indonesia): n/a

Side B (Civilians): n/a

1992

Estimated Fatalities
High	6
Best	6
Low	6

Secondary Warring Support:

Side A (Government of Indonesia): n/a

Side B (Civilians): n/a

1993

Estimated Fatalities
High	22
Best	9
Low	9

Secondary Warring Support:

Side A (Government of Indonesia): n/a

Side B (Civilians): n/a

1994

Estimated Fatalities
High	6
Best	5
Low	4

Secondary Warring Support:

Side A (Government of Indonesia): n/a

Side B (Civilians): n/a

1995

Estimated Fatalities
High	38
Best	32
Low	32

Secondary Warring Support:

Side A (Government of Indonesia): n/a

Side B (Civilians): n/a

1996

Estimated Fatalities
High	24
Best	15
Low	15

Secondary Warring Support:

Side A (Government of Indonesia): n/a

Side B (Civilians): n/a

1997

Estimated Fatalities
High	34
Best	30
Low	29

Secondary Warring Support:

Side A (Government of Indonesia): n/a

Side B (Civilians): n/a

1998

Estimated Fatalities
High	125
Best	75
Low	28

Secondary Warring Support:

Side A (Government of Indonesia): n/a

Side B (Civilians): n/a

1999

Estimated Fatalities
High	1410
Best	857
Low	857

Secondary Warring Support:

Side A (Government of Indonesia): n/a

Side B (Civilians): n/a

2000

Estimated Fatalities
High	49
Best	36
Low	36

Secondary Warring Support:

Side A (Government of Indonesia): n/a

Side B (Civilians): n/a

2001

Estimated Fatalities
High	91
Best	52
Low	51

Secondary Warring Support:

Side A (Government of Indonesia): n/a

Side B (Civilians): n/a

2002

Estimated Fatalities
High	51
Best	37
Low	19

Secondary Warring Support:

Side A (Government of Indonesia): n/a

Side B (Civilians): n/a

2003

Estimated Fatalities
High	297
Best	52
Low	51

Secondary Warring Support:

Side A (Government of Indonesia): n/a

Side B (Civilians): n/a

2004

Estimated Fatalities
High	9
Best	7
Low	7

Secondary Warring Support:

Side A (Government of Indonesia): n/a

Side B (Civilians): n/a

2005

Estimated Fatalities
High	7
Best	5
Low	5

Secondary Warring Support:

Side A (Government of Indonesia): n/a

Side B (Civilians): n/a

2006

Estimated Fatalities
High	3
Best	3
Low	3

Secondary Warring Support:

Side A (Government of Indonesia): n/a

Side B (Civilians): n/a

2007

Estimated Fatalities
High	2
Best	2
Low	2

Secondary Warring Support:

Side A (Government of Indonesia): n/a

Side B (Civilians): n/a

2008

Estimated Fatalities
High	1
Best	1
Low	0

Secondary Warring Support:

Side A (Government of Indonesia): n/a

Side B (Civilians): n/a

2011

Estimated Fatalities
High	2
Best	2
Low	2

Secondary Warring Support:

Side A (Government of Indonesia): n/a

Side B (Civilians): n/a

2012

Estimated Fatalities
High	1
Best	1
Low	1

Secondary Warring Support:

Side A (Government of Indonesia): n/a

Side B (Civilians): n/a

2013

Estimated Fatalities
High	0
Best	0
Low	0

Secondary Warring Support:

Side A (Government of Indonesia): n/a

Side B (Civilians): n/a

2014

Estimated Fatalities
High	0
Best	0
Low	0

Secondary Warring Support:

Side A (Government of Indonesia): n/a

Side B (Civilians): n/a

2015

Estimated Fatalities
High	6
Best	4
Low	4

Secondary Warring Support:

Side A (Government of Indonesia): n/a

Side B (Civilians): n/a

2016

Estimated Fatalities
High	0
Best	0
Low	0

Secondary Warring Support:

Side A (Government of Indonesia): n/a

Side B (Civilians): n/a

2017

Estimated Fatalities
High	4
Best	0
Low	0

Secondary Warring Support:

Side A (Government of Indonesia): n/a

Side B (Civilians): n/a

2018

Estimated Fatalities
High	7
Best	7
Low	7

Secondary Warring Support:

Side A (Government of Indonesia): n/a

Side B (Civilians): n/a

2019

Estimated Fatalities
High	0
Best	0
Low	0

Secondary Warring Support:

Side A (Government of Indonesia): n/a

Side B (Civilians): n/a

2020

Estimated Fatalities
High	5
Best	1
Low	1

Secondary Warring Support:

Side A (Government of Indonesia): n/a

Side B (Civilians): n/a

2021

Estimated Fatalities
High	2
Best	2
Low	2

Secondary Warring Support:

Side A (Government of Indonesia): n/a

Side B (Civilians): n/a

2022

Estimated Fatalities
High	6
Best	6
Low	5

Secondary Warring Support:

Side A (Government of Indonesia): n/a

Side B (Civilians): n/a

2023

Estimated Fatalities
High	7
Best	7
Low	7

Secondary Warring Support:

Side A (Government of Indonesia): n/a

Side B (Civilians): n/a

2024

Estimated Fatalities
High	12
Best	8
Low	8

Secondary Warring Support:

Side A (Government of Indonesia): n/a

Side B (Civilians): n/a

2025

Estimated Fatalities
High	15
Best	15
Low	10

Secondary Warring Support:

Side A (Government of Indonesia): n/a

Side B (Civilians): n/a

Dyad Archive

This section contains annual information no longer systematically collected by the UCDP.

1990 Dyad Archive

Negotiations: NO

Victory: NO

Terminated: NO

1991 Dyad Archive

Comment on Yearly Battle Related Deaths: Despite the high rather high number of estimate, there are several unconfirmed deaths that are not recognized by the government which only recognises 50 dead while NGO’s have reported a total of 271 dead and 250 missing. Thus, the discrepancy between high and low estimates.
Comment on Active: The violence during 1991 was concentrated to East Timor. In November, the Indonesian army opened fire against a funeral procession when youths walked from the church to the cemetery. In addition, several demonstrators were shot to death by Indonesian military personnel. Extra judicial killings have been reported where two of the victims were beaten to death after intense interrogations regarding their suspected affiliation to the East Timor militia.

Negotiations: NO

Victory: NO

Terminated: NO

1992 Dyad Archive

Comment on Yearly Battle Related Deaths: Seven people have been reported missing; however, the whereabouts of these people remain unknown and are thus not confirmed dead.
Comment on Active: In June, 40 East Timorese were killed by Indonesian military. Six people have been reported missing. Incidents have been reported in Papua as well as in East Timor.

Negotiations: NO

Victory: NO

Terminated: NO

1993 Dyad Archive

Negotiations: NO

Victory: NO

Terminated: NO

1994 Dyad Archive

Negotiations: NO

Victory: NO

Terminated: NO

1995 Dyad Archive

Comment on Yearly Battle Related Deaths: Several abductions have been reported, however, these abductions are not confirmed deaths.
Comment on Active: The violence was distributed between East Timor and Papua. The indiscriminate violence against Papuans included eleven people killed by Indonesian forces when praying in a hut. In addition, eleven civilians including children were slain in a May attack against Papuans. Several people have been abducted. In the case of East Timor, fatal violence and abductions have been reported. One incident, in May, included the execution of six civilians due to accusations regarding known information about the guerillas.

Negotiations: NO

Victory: NO

Terminated: NO

1996 Dyad Archive

Negotiations: NO

Victory: NO

Terminated: NO

1997 Dyad Archive

Comment on Active: Two of the victims were participating in separate demonstrations when they were shot by the Indonesian military. The general reports do not specify the occasions of a majority of the killings during this year.

Negotiations: NO

Victory: NO

Terminated: NO

1998 Dyad Archive

Comment on Yearly Battle Related Deaths: The number of missing people is included in the high estimate, however not confirmed dead.
Comment on Active: One of the attacks carried out by the Indonesian forces targeted a church on 13 November. The military detained people and in the attack approximately seven people were killed, including a priest.

Negotiations: NO

Victory: NO

Terminated: NO

1999 Dyad Archive

Comment on Yearly Battle Related Deaths: Not all incidents are confirmed, thus rendering a discrepancy regarding the low and high estimate.
Comment on Active: To this date, 1999 was the most violent year in terms of one-sided violence committed by the government. One reason is the armament of militiamen, where the government has provided pro-governmental forces with weapons, and made them part of the government forces and as a result raised the number of incidents and estimated numbers of dead. The various militias have been reported to have been carrying out violence on several occasions and have been working in joint operations with government forces. The majority of the victims have had connections to the East Timor area. However, the Aceh population has been targeted as well. The bloodiest incident took place on 26 July when the Indonesian military went into an Aceh village, allegedly killing 58 civilians whose bodies were thrown into a well by surviving villagers at gunpoint. A church was attacked with grenades and gunfire which killed several sheltering people and three priests. The militiamen are reported to be responsible for approximately 150 killings.

Negotiations: NO

Victory: NO

Terminated: NO

2000 Dyad Archive

Comment on Yearly Battle Related Deaths: Not all incidents are confirmed, thus rendering a discrepancy regarding the low and high estimate.
Comment on Active: Pro-government militias are included and were deployed on the border between west and east Aceh. The militias were responsible for several killings in a refugee camp. In addition, several killing sprees took place in Aceh.

Negotiations: NO

Victory: NO

Terminated: NO

2001 Dyad Archive

Comment on Yearly Battle Related Deaths: Many incidents are not fully confirmed along with the denial of victims by the government, thus the discrepancy.
Comment on Active: There are numerous reports regarding governmental indiscriminate killings in Aceh province where a majority of the victims were shot to death. Some of them became victims of joint security forces when aiming at capturing rebel (the Free Aceh Movement, GAM) members. In addition, refugee camps were attacked and several civilians were executed.

Negotiations: NO

Victory: NO

Terminated: NO

2002 Dyad Archive

Comment on Yearly Battle Related Deaths: As the government denies a majority of the killings, there is a discrepancy between low/best and high estimates
Comment on Active: The killings were distributed over several incidents, covering the whole year. Government troops continued their search for rebels and several civilians were victims to the raids by the government forces.

Negotiations: NO

Victory: NO

Terminated: NO

2003 Dyad Archive

Comment on Active: Reports are recording that hundreds of civilians have been killed in attacks by the national armed forces. However, this year is rather difficult to estimate as the Free Aceh Movement (GAM) and the government have blamed each other for indiscriminate killings.

Negotiations: NO

Victory: NO

Terminated: NO

2004 Dyad Archive

Negotiations: NO

Victory: NO

Terminated: NO

2005 Dyad Archive

Negotiations: NO

Victory: NO

Terminated: NO

2006 Dyad Archive

Negotiations: NO

Victory: NO

Terminated: NO

2007 Dyad Archive

Negotiations: NO

Victory: NO

Terminated: NO

2008 Dyad Archive

Negotiations: NO

Victory: NO

Terminated: NO

2011 Dyad Archive

Negotiations: NO

Victory: NO

Terminated: NO

2012 Dyad Archive

Terminated: NO

2013 Dyad Archive

Terminated: NO

2014 Dyad Archive

Negotiations: NO

Victory: NO

Terminated: NO

2015 Dyad Archive

Negotiations: NO

Victory: NO

Terminated: NO

2016 Dyad Archive

Terminated: NO

2017 Dyad Archive

Terminated: NO

2018 Dyad Archive

Terminated: NO

2019 Dyad Archive

Terminated: NO

2020 Dyad Archive

Terminated: NO

2021 Dyad Archive

Terminated: NO

2022 Dyad Archive

Terminated: NO

2023 Dyad Archive

Terminated: NO

2024 Dyad Archive

Terminated: NO

2025 Dyad Archive

Terminated: NO