General information
First Active Year: 2014
Current Name: MNDAA
Current Name full English: Myanmar National Democratic Alliance Army
Current Name full native language: n/a
Original Name: MNDAA
Original Name full English: Myanmar National Democratic Alliance Army
Original Name full native language: n/a
Actor Chronology
This section contains information about (if applicable) group splinters, name changes, and alliances according to the UCDP definitions of these concepts.
Broke Away from Actor: CPB (Communist Party of Burma)
On: 1989-03-12
Conflict issues
Government of Myanmar (Burma) - MNDAA
Conflict Goal Issues: Myanmar Nationalities Democratic Alliance Army (MNDAA) was formed by Pheung Kya-shin, who staged the mutiny that shattered the Communist Party of Burma (CPB) in 1989. MNDAA who consisted mostly of Kokang Chinese pronounced its first conflict goal issue of ethnic rights the same year. In 2009, under pressure from the Government of Myanmar (Burma) to transform into a Border Guard Force and the Government troop’s entry into the Kokang region, Pheung Kya-shin stated that the “junta usurped power in the country” and that whilst the group sought autonomy for the Kokang people it also viewed democracy as necessary to ensure protection of minorities. When the group resurfaced in 2015 it called for reforms to citizenship, executive structure, electoral management and political participation. MNDAA’s most frequent conflict issue was cultural rights, voiced in 1989, 2009 and 2015. However, under the 1989 ceasefire agreement between MNDAA and Government of Myanmar (Burma) the Kokang region was de facto autonomous. Which ended when the Government’s troops entered. Therefore, to consider cultural rights as the main conflict goal issue is problematic since demands for autonomy was equally frequent from 2009.
Conflict Dynamics Issues: MNDAA accused the Government of Myanmar (Burma) of ethnic targeting during the raid in 2009. In 2015, the group sought support from the Government of China in the form of pressure against the Government of Myanmar (Burma) and financial support from “Chinese compatriots in the world”. MNDAA further accused the Government of Myanmar (Burma) of begin in breach of the non-refoulement principle. The most persistent and frequent conflict dynamic issue for MNDAA was ethnic targeting that it accused the Government of Myanmar (Burma) of committing in both 2009 and 2015.
Conflict Resolution Issues: MNDAA rejected the Government of Myanmar’s (Burma) bid to convert the group to a Border Guard Force as it would mean that it would be control by the junta. When Government of Myanmar’s (Burma) entered Kokang in 2009 it demanded that the Government should abide by the 1989 agreement. And called for a ceasefire and negotiations; calls it repeated in 2015. However, by the 2015 the demands had expanded to include negotiations with all rebel groups and it asked for an investigation into the alleged human rights abuses perpetrated by the Government of Myanmar (Burma). The main conflict resolution issue for MNDAA was negotiations, which they called for since the 2009 raid up until 2017. In the same vein it also supported the national dialogue proposed by the Government of Myanmar (Burma) in 2004.
Type of conflict issues: *Conflict Goal Issues: * Autonomy, Citizenship reforms, Civil rights, Constitutional issues, CPS: Democracy, Cultural rights, Electoral fraud, Electoral reform, Oust full executive, Reform executive structure
*Conflict Dynamics Issues: * Atrocities and abuses, Collective targeting: ethnic, IFI: Financial support, IFI: Support from diasporas/foreign fighters, IFI: Use of foreign influence, Military conduct, Non-refoulement of refugees/IDPs
*Conflict Resolution Issues: * Call for ceasefire, Call for negotiations, Call for truth and reconciliation processes, DDR issues, National dialogue, Peace agreement implementation, Structure of negotiations
Annual information
This section contains annual information systematically collected by the UCDP.
2009
Actor Active in Dyad(s):
Government of Myanmar (Burma) - MNDAA
2014
Actor Active in Dyad(s):
Government of Myanmar (Burma) - MNDAA
2015
Actor Active in Dyad(s):
Government of Myanmar (Burma) - MNDAA
2017
Actor Active in Dyad(s):
Government of Myanmar (Burma) - MNDAA
2021
Actor Active in Dyad(s):
Government of Myanmar (Burma) - MNDAA
2023
Actor Active in Dyad(s):
Government of Myanmar (Burma) - MNDAA
2024
Actor Active in Dyad(s):
Government of Myanmar (Burma) - MNDAA
Group Archive
This section contains annual information no longer systematically collected by the UCDP.
2014 Group Archive
Government of Myanmar (Burma) - MNDAA
Comment on Name: 2014 has not been updated yet
2015 Group Archive
Government of Myanmar (Burma) - MNDAA
Troop Size: 1000-3000
Comment on Troop Size: In an interview in December 2014, Peng Jiasheng (the leader of the MNDAA), stated that they had over 1000 troops.
The Myanmar Peace Monitor estimates over 3000.
