General information
Part of Conflict: Chad: Government
Date of first stated goals of incompatibility: 2005-12-22
Comment on date of first stated goal of incompatibility: The leader of RDL, Mohammed Nour, said in an interview with CNN on 22 December 2005 that the present President in Chad, Idriss Deby, had become corrupt and worse than the ousted Hissene Habre while in power. Because of this Nour decided to move into armed opposition and he stated that “No one wants a war, but if that’s the only way, we will go to Chad". In other statements RDL-leaders have said that it wants to remove President Idriss Deby from power and has warned it will launch further attacks on Chad.
Date of first use of armed force: 2005-12-18
Comment on date of first use of armed force: On 18 December 2005 the largest clash during the year occured when a column of 40 rebel vehicles rolled into the isolated desert border town of Adré. A newly formed rebel group called RDL- Rally for Democracy and Liberty claimed responsibility for the attack. The origin of RDL is unclear, the Government of Chad says that RDL is a Sudanese militia and holds Sudan entirely responsible for the attack. One reason for these accusations is that the attack was launched from the Sudanese territory of Darfur. The wording from the government of Chad was harsh, and they said that a "state of belligerence" existed between itself and Sudan because of the attacks on Adré. The government also described Sudanese President Omar Hassan al-Bashir as an "enemy of Chad".
The details of what really happened in Adré are uncertain, the rebels say they seized the town but the government denies this. Also the number of causalities is unclear. Chad’s military put the number of dead at 300 rebels, 5 soldiers, and 3 civilians whilst RDL countered these figures with claims of 70 dead on the government side and only nine of their own. The best independent source is the World Food Program that has activities in refugee camps in the area, and they say that the fighting resulted in about 100 casualties on both sides.
First Battle Related Death: 2005-12-18
Comment on First Battle Related Death: On 18 December 2005 the largest clash during the year occured when a column of 40 rebel vehicles rolled into the isolated desert border town of Adré. A newly formed rebel group called RDL- Rally for Democracy and Liberty claimed responsibility for the attack. The origin of RDL is unclear, the Government of Chad says that RDL is a Sudanese militia and holds Sudan entirely responsible for the attack. One reason for these accusations is that the attack was launched from the Sudanese territory of Darfur. The wording from the government of Chad was harsh, and they said that a "state of belligerence" existed between itself and Sudan because of the attacks on Adré. The government also described Sudanese President Omar Hassan al-Bashir as an "enemy of Chad".
The details of what really happened in Adré are uncertain, the rebels say they seized the town but the government denies this. Also the number of causalities is unclear. Chad’s military put the number of dead at 300 rebels, 5 soldiers, and 3 civilians whilst RDL countered these figures with claims of 70 dead on the government side and only nine of their own. The best independent source is the World Food Program that has activities in refugee camps in the area, and they say that the fighting resulted in about 100 casualties on both sides.
Date when dyad reached 25 battle releated deaths: 2005-12-18
Comment on date when dyad reached 25 battle related deaths: On 18 December 2005 the largest clash during the year occured when a column of 40 rebel vehicles rolled into the isolated desert border town of Adré. A newly formed rebel group called RDL- Rally for Democracy and Liberty claimed responsibility for the attack. The origin of RDL is unclear, the Government of Chad says that RDL is a Sudanese militia and holds Sudan entirely responsible for the attack. One reason for these accusations is that the attack was launched from the Sudanese territory of Darfur. The wording from the government of Chad was harsh, and they said that a "state of belligerence" existed between itself and Sudan because of the attacks on Adré. The government also described Sudanese President Omar Hassan al-Bashir as an "enemy of Chad".
The details of what really happened in Adré are uncertain, the rebels say they seized the town but the government denies this. Also the number of causalities is unclear. Chad’s military put the number of dead at 300 rebels, 5 soldiers, and 3 civilians whilst RDL countered these figures with claims of 70 dead on the government side and only nine of their own. The best independent source is the World Food Program that has activities in refugee camps in the area, and they say that the fighting resulted in about 100 casualties on both sides.
Conflict issues
Conflict Goal Issues: Front Uni pour le changement démocratique, United Front for Democratic Change, (FUCD) was a Chadian rebel group aiming to oust Idriss Déby from power. The group was created as a coalition of several rebel groups with different characteristics, the Tama RDL, the Bourogat-Zahgawa RPJ, and the Arab CNT, all of which who shared the goal of ousting Déby. The group emerged in 2005, during which it called for the ousting of the Déby regime due to accusations of the regime having become corrupt.
These issues were restated in 2006, the second and final year of conflict, and were also joined with calls for establishing a democratic state structure in Chad and calls indicating intent of resolving the emerging security crisis with Sudan. The group also accused the government of electoral fraud and called for new elections to be held, although FUCD explicitly stated its intentions to not run in the elections.
The main conflict goal issues for FUCD were the ousting of the Déby regime and the accusations of government corruption. These issues were continuously stated with heavy emphasis for the brief duration of conflict and were heavily emphasized.
Conflict Dynamics Issues: Whilst no conflict dynamics issues were interpreted for the first year of existence for FUCD, the group made several statements toward the international community in 2006. The group called for international recognition as a legitimate actor, particularly from France who were present in the country. The group also called for the international community to not recognize the Chadian elections of 2006, denouncing them as rigged, and stated that the international community had forgotten about the Chadian conflict in favor of the Darfur conflict.
Conflict Resolution Issues: FUCD were interpreted as stating two conflict resolution issues, when the group in 2006 called for the establishment of a national forum to promote national dialogue and implement a democratic change in Chad and called upon the African Union to invite the group to a planned summit in Sudan to “refute the lying, artificial characterisation of a Sudanese-Chadian conflict”.
Type of conflict issues: The coded conflict issues for this group are: Conflict Goal Issues: Corruption, CPS: Democracy, Electoral fraud, Foreign policy reform, Hold elections, Opposition to elections, Oust head of the executive
Conflict Dynamics Issues: IFI: Recognition, IFI: Use of foreign influence
Conflict Resolution Issues: National dialogue, Structure of negotiations
Annual information
This section contains annual information systematically collected by the UCDP.
2005
| Estimated Fatalities | |
|---|---|
| High | 356 |
| Best | 100 |
| Low | 100 |
Secondary Warring Support:
Side A (Government of Chad): n/a
Side B (FUCD): n/a
2006
| Estimated Fatalities | |
|---|---|
| High | 988 |
| Best | 879 |
| Low | 879 |
Secondary Warring Support:
Side A (Government of Chad): n/a
Side B (FUCD): n/a
Peace agreements
Name of peace agreement: Tripoli accord
Date when warring parties signed the agreement: 2006-12-24
Comment of peace agreement: Full peace agreement
The Tripoli accord was signed by the leader of FUCD Mahamat Nour Abdulkerim and President Idriss Déby on 24 December 2006 in Tripoli.
The agreement provided for a ceasefire, an amnesty for the rebels and for the release of prisoners by both sides.
Regarding the incompatibility the FUCD was offered a place in the government
Moreover, under the Tripoli accord, a follow-up committee will be set up with Libyas help to implement the deal between the government of Chad and FUCD. President Déby called the agreement "a big gift for the Chadian people" that would pave the way towards stability.
Signatories: Mahamat Nour Abdulkerim for (FUCD) and Idriss Déby for the government of Chad
Comment of signatories: Dyadic peace agreement
The accord was signed by the leader of FUCD Mahamat Nour Abdulkerim and the Chadian president Idriss Déby in Tripoli on 24 December 2006.
Third parties: Libya
Comment of third parties role in peace agreement: The Tripoli Accord was negotiated between FUCD and the government of Chad in Tripoli with the Libyan leader Muammar Al-Qathafi acting as a facilitator. In the accord it was also stated that Libya should also take part in the implementation process.
Comment of Duration: In March 2007 Chad's prime minister named Mahamat Nour Abdulkerim as his defence minister. In October a large part of the group defected from FUCD as they refused to disarm. Mahamat Nour Abdulkerim was dismissed as defence minister in December 2007, after Mahamat Nour Abdulkerim took refuge in France FUCD disintegrated as a rebel group.
2007
| Estimated Fatalities | |
|---|---|
| High | 33 |
| Best | 21 |
| Low | 21 |
Secondary Warring Support:
Side A (Government of Chad): n/a
Side B (FUCD): n/a
Dyad Archive
This section contains annual information no longer systematically collected by the UCDP.
2005 Dyad Archive
Comment on Active: The situation in Chad during 2005 was volatile with spill-over effects from the Western Region of Sudan-Darfur to the adjacent Eastern part of Chad. Several soldiers deserted from the national army and new rebel groups were formed, but the information regarding this is very scarce. One reason for this is that the international community at times found the situation in Eastern Chad so dangerous that they did not dare to have people stationed there. However it is clear that the situation worsened throughout the year.
On 18 December 2005 the largest clash during the year occurred when a column of 40 rebel vehicles rolled into the isolated desert border town of Adré. A newly formed rebel group called RDL- Rally for Democracy and Liberty claimed responsibility for the attack. The origin of RDL is unclear, the Government of Chad says that RDL is a Sudan militia and holds Sudan entire responsible for the attack. One reason for these accusations is that the attack was launched from the Sudan territory of Darfur. The wording from the government of Chad was harsh, and they said that a "state of belligerence" existed between itself and Sudan because of the attacks on Adré. The government also described Sudanese President Omar Hassan al-Bashir as an "enemy of Chad".
The details of what really happen in Adré are uncertain, the rebels say they seized the town but the government denies this. Also the number of causalities is unclear. Chad’s military put the number of dead at 300 rebels, 5 soldiers, and 3 civilians whilst RDL countered these figures with claims of 70 dead on the government side and only nine of their own. The best independent source is the World Food Program that has activities in refugee camps in the area, and they say that the fighting resulted in about 100 casualties on both sides.
Negotiations: NO
Comment on Negotiations: There was no negotiations between RDL and the Government during 2005.
Victory: NO
Terminated: NO
2006 Dyad Archive
Comment on Active: At the end of 2005 RDL formed an alliance with seven other rebel groups called Front Unique pour le Changement Démocratique, (FUCD). RDL was the largest of the groups and the leader of RDL became the leader of FUCD. Hence FUCD is seen as a continuation of the RDL. FUCD was involved in numerous battles against the government between March and September with heavy causalities as the result. The most significant of these attacks was an attack by FUCD on the Chadian capital N’djamena 13 April. FUCD tried to take control over the capital but the government succeeded in repelling the rebels and remained in control over the city. Fighting continued on some occasions until FUCD in late October was one out of three groups that formed the new rebel group UFDD.
After fighting within the UFDD alliance for about a month the FUCD started negotiations with the government, and on 25 December 2006 a peace agreement was signed with the government. These negotiations and the following peace agreement were not seen as valid among the other parts of UFDD. This resulted in a FUCD breakaway from UFDD when they signed the agreement with the government.
Negotiations: YES
Comment on Negotiations: After fighting within the UFDD alliance for about a month the FUCD started negotiations with the government. This resulted in the signing of a peace agreement between the government and FUCD on 25 December. These negotiations and the following peace agreement were not seen as valid among the other parts of UFDD. This resulted in a FUCD breakaway from UFDD when they signed the agreement with the government.
Victory: NO
Terminated: YES
Type of termination: Peace Agreement
Date of termination: 2006-12-24
Comment on Termination: The RDL (leading a rebel alliance called FUCD) signed a peace agreement with the government on 24 December 2006.
Comment on Termination Date: FUCD signed a peace agreement with the government on 24 december 2006.
2007 Dyad Archive
Negotiations: NO
Victory: NO
Terminated: NO
