General information
Part of Conflict: Chad: Government
Date of first stated goals of incompatibility: 1992-12-31
Comment on date of first stated goal of incompatibility: It is said that the Chad National Front (FNT) started their rebellion in 1992 and that their goal was to create an Islamic State in the region of Ouadai. It has, however, not been possible to find such a statement coming from the FNT themselves. It can therefore not be coded as a stated incompatibility.
Date of first use of armed force: 1992-01-01
Comment on date of first use of armed force: Sometime between 1 January - 30 October 1992, (Probably sometime during the first half of the year). It is said that the Chad National Front (FNT) started their rebellion in 1992. It is not known exactly when, but since the group signed a peace agreement with the government on 31 October 1992, it should be before this date.
First Battle Related Death: 1992-01-01
Comment on First Battle Related Death: From the sources available, it has only possible to state that there were at least 25 battle-related deaths in 1992 and that Chad National Front (FNT) rebellion commenced in 1992. It is not known exactly when these deaths occurred.
Date when dyad reached 25 battle releated deaths: 1992-12-31
Comment on date when dyad reached 25 battle related deaths: Unknown. From the sources available, it has only possible to state that there were at least 25 battle-related deaths in 1992 and that Chad National Front (FNT) rebellion commenced in 1992. It is not known exactly when these deaths occurred.
Conflict issues
Conflict Goal Issues: Front national tchadien, Chad National Front, (FNT) was a Ouaddaï rebel group that emerged in 1992 fighting against the government of Chad. The group claimed to represent the Zaghawa ethnic group, which many of its members were part of. The project coded no statements from FNT pertaining to conflict goal issues.
Conflict Dynamics Issues: The project coded no statements from FNT pertaining to conflict dynamics issues.
Conflict Resolution Issues: Front national tchadien, Chad National Front, (FNT) was a Ouaddaï rebel group that emerged in 1992 fighting against the government of Chad. The group claimed to represent the Zaghawa ethnic group, which many of its members were part of. One conflict issue was interpreted from FNT, when the group in 1994 stated its intentions to establish a roundtable conference for Chadian opposition parties to establish a unified resistance against the government. This was interpreted as a call for national dialogue.
Type of conflict issues: The coded conflict issues for this group are: Conflict Goal Issues:
Conflict Dynamics Issues:
Conflict Resolution Issues: National dialogue
Annual information
This section contains annual information systematically collected by the UCDP.
1992
| Estimated Fatalities | |
|---|---|
| High | 25 |
| Best | 25 |
| Low | 25 |
Secondary Warring Support:
Side A (Government of Chad): n/a
Side B (FNT): n/a
Peace agreements
Name of peace agreement: El Geneina agreement
Date when warring parties signed the agreement: 1992-10-31
Comment of peace agreement: Partial peace agreement
On 31 October 1992 the Chadian government and the Chad National Front (FNT) signed a peace accord. It has been said that the agreement was signed both in Judnaynah, Sudan and in El Geneina on the border of Chad and Sudan.The agreement charged the FNT with the regrouping of its forces within 45 days, and further stipulated that all FNT personnel were to be integrated either into the army or into the government administration, on the basis of their qualifications. The goal was to put an end to insecurity in the central, eastern and southeastern provinces of Chad.
The main political provisions were the recognition of FNT as a political party, and the creation of a joint commission charged with studying the fundamentals of the FNT charter and its applicability to Chad’s political structure and policies.
A general amnesty was proclaimed, and provisions were made for the return of refugees and the internally displaced.
Signatories: The accord was signed by the leader of the Chad National Front (FNT), Faris Bachar, and on behalf of the government Malloum Mbomi, the préfet of Ouaddai.
Comment of signatories: Dyadic peace agreement
The peace agreement was said to be signed signed both in Judnaynah, Sudan and in El Geneina on the border of Chad and Sudan.
Third parties: Sudan
Comment of third parties role in peace agreement: Sudan had arranged several meetings between the warring parties prior to the finalization of the accord.
Ended: True
Date agreement ended: 1994-01-23
Comment of Duration: On 23 January 1994 FNT rebels attacked the Abéché military garrison, tired of waiting to be integrated into the national army. The attack was responded with a government massacre in the town of civilians seen as accomplices of the mutineers.
1993
| Estimated Fatalities | |
|---|---|
| High | 25 |
| Best | 25 |
| Low | 25 |
Secondary Warring Support:
Side A (Government of Chad): n/a
Side B (FNT): n/a
1994
| Estimated Fatalities | |
|---|---|
| High | 31 |
| Best | 31 |
| Low | 31 |
Secondary Warring Support:
Side A (Government of Chad): n/a
Side B (FNT): n/a
Peace agreements
Name of peace agreement: Abeche agreement
Date when warring parties signed the agreement: 1994-10-12
Comment of peace agreement: Partial peace agreement
On 12 October 1994 an eight-point peace agreement was signed in Abeche between the FNT rebels and the government of Chad.
The agreement stipulated an immediate ceasefire, and a regrouping of FNT forces south of Abeche. The encamped force were to be integrated into the national army.
Civilian members were in turn to be integrated into the Chadian civil service.
The agreement also stipulated the release of all FNT prisoners arrested before 20 May, and a possible release of those arrested after that date.
Signatories: Mahamat Saboum and Abass Ali.
Comment of signatories: Dyadic peace agreement
The agreement was signed in Abeche by Mahamat Saboum for the rebels and Abass Ali, a member of the national reconciliation committee, for the government
Ended: True
Date agreement ended: 1994-10-16
Comment of Duration: On 16 October 1994 the leader of FNT, Dr Bachar, stated that Mahamat Saboum was not mandated to sign the agreement for the rebels.
1997
| Estimated Fatalities | |
|---|---|
| High | 0 |
| Best | 0 |
| Low | 0 |
Secondary Warring Support:
Side A (Government of Chad): n/a
Side B (FNT): n/a
Peace agreements
Name of peace agreement: National reconciliation agreement
Date when warring parties signed the agreement: 1997-10-03
Comment of peace agreement: Partial peace agreement
On 3 October 1997 the Chadian government signed a peace accord with the Chad National Front (FNT), the Renewed National Front of Chad (FNTR), the Movement for Social Justice and Democracy (MJSD) and the Revolutionary Democratic Council (CDR) in NDjamena.
Details regarding the agreement are scarce, and there appears to be no trace of measures directly regulating the conflict behavior of the parties, such as a ceasefire or a rebel integration into the armed forces.
The main provisions of the agreement are instead a legalization of the rebel movements, and their transformation into political parties. The government also agreed to reinstate all civil servants and to proclaim a general amnesty for the ex-combatants.
The government also undertook to facilitate the return of refugees with cooperation of the UNHCR and those countries hosting refugees.
Signatories: The accord was signed by the Chadian government, the Chad National Front (FNT), the Renewed National Front of Chad (FNTR), the Movement for Social Justice and Democracy (MJSD) and the Revolutionary Democratic Council (CDR). It has not been possible to set the identity of the signatories of the accord.
Comment of signatories: Dyadic peace agreement
The agreement is of a comprehensive nature, but did not include all of the dyads in the conflict.
The peace agreement was signed in Ndjamena on 3 October 1997.
Third parties: Sudan
Comment of third parties role in peace agreement: Sudan worked as a mediator between the Chadian government and the Chad National Front (FNT) leading up to the signing of the peace accord.
Dyad Archive
This section contains annual information no longer systematically collected by the UCDP.
1992 Dyad Archive
Negotiations: YES
Comment on Negotiations: In 1992 there were several rounds of negotiations between the Chad National Front (FNT) and government representatives in Judnaynah, Sudan. The talks included issues such as: recognition of the FNT as a political party, a general amnesty, integration of FNT personnel into various government agencies, security issues and the regrouping of FNT fighters. The talks led to the signing of an accord on 31 October 1992.
Victory: NO
Terminated: NO
1993 Dyad Archive
Negotiations: YES
Comment on Negotiations: Following a peace accord signed on 31 October 1992 there were talks on 13-14 May 1993 between the Chad National Front (FNT) and the Chadian government concerning the terms for a truce, the legalisation of the FNT as a political party and for the return of the FNT leader, Harris Bachar, from exile.
Victory: NO
Terminated: NO
1994 Dyad Archive
Negotiations: NO
Victory: NO
Terminated: YES
Type of termination: Ceasefire
Date of termination: 1994-10-16
Comment on Termination: The Chadian government and the Chad National Front (FNT) signed an accord on 12 October 1994 in Abéché, Chad, which ended the hostilities. The accord included an immediate ceasefire and the integration of rebels into the national army and the civil services. However, this accord has not been coded as a peace agreement, since it did not regulate or solve all or part of the incompatibility, which was the form of government.
Comment on Termination Date: On 16 October 1994 the Chadian government signed a peace accord with the Chad National Front (FNT). The agreement seems to have ended all hostilities between the parties, even though the FNT leader, Alarit Bachar, denounced the agreement four days later.
1997 Dyad Archive
Terminated: NO
