General information
Part of Conflict: n/a
First Battle Related Death: 1991-06-19
Date when dyad reached 25 battle releated deaths: 1994-09-14
Comment on date when dyad reached 25 battle related deaths: The non-state conflict between MQM and MQM-H is first included in UCDP data in 1994. In September of that year, clashes between the two groups had resulted in more than 25 battle-related deaths.
Conflict issues
Annual information
This section contains annual information systematically collected by the UCDP.
1991
| Estimated Fatalities | |
|---|---|
| High | 12 |
| Best | 12 |
| Low | 12 |
Secondary Warring Support:
Side A (MQM): n/a
Side B (MQM-H): n/a
1992
| Estimated Fatalities | |
|---|---|
| High | 10 |
| Best | 10 |
| Low | 10 |
Secondary Warring Support:
Side A (MQM): n/a
Side B (MQM-H): n/a
1993
| Estimated Fatalities | |
|---|---|
| High | 12 |
| Best | 12 |
| Low | 12 |
Secondary Warring Support:
Side A (MQM): n/a
Side B (MQM-H): n/a
1994
| Estimated Fatalities | |
|---|---|
| High | 87 |
| Best | 87 |
| Low | 87 |
Secondary Warring Support:
Side A (MQM): n/a
Side B (MQM-H): n/a
1995
| Estimated Fatalities | |
|---|---|
| High | 45 |
| Best | 42 |
| Low | 42 |
Secondary Warring Support:
Side A (MQM): n/a
Side B (MQM-H): n/a
1996
| Estimated Fatalities | |
|---|---|
| High | 5 |
| Best | 5 |
| Low | 5 |
Secondary Warring Support:
Side A (MQM): n/a
Side B (MQM-H): n/a
1997
| Estimated Fatalities | |
|---|---|
| High | 73 |
| Best | 73 |
| Low | 73 |
Secondary Warring Support:
Side A (MQM): n/a
Side B (MQM-H): n/a
1998
| Estimated Fatalities | |
|---|---|
| High | 66 |
| Best | 38 |
| Low | 38 |
Secondary Warring Support:
Side A (MQM): n/a
Side B (MQM-H): n/a
Dyad Archive
This section contains annual information no longer systematically collected by the UCDP.
1991 Dyad Archive
Terminated: NO
1992 Dyad Archive
Terminated: NO
1993 Dyad Archive
Terminated: NO
1994 Dyad Archive
Terminated: NO
1995 Dyad Archive
Terminated: NO
1996 Dyad Archive
Terminated: NO
1997 Dyad Archive
Comment on Active: While disputes and incidents of fighting between MQM and MQM-H are noted before 1997, they never reached the 25 battle-related deaths threshold used by UCDP. The trigger that led to the escalation of violence came in the aftermath of elections on 3 February, when both groups intensified their actions against each other. Fighting mainly involved small-scale attacks usually targeting either the headquarters or noted members of the opposing party. Such attacks usually took the form of gunmen firing from vehicles, or small clashes by armed assailants on the streets of Karachi.
Terminated: NO
1998 Dyad Archive
Comment on Yearly Battle Related Deaths: The inconsistencies between the high and best estimates for fatalities come from the impossibility to attribute a number of attacks to MQM-H with full certainty. These deaths, however, are consistent with the tactics employed by MQM-H, and are thus included in the high estimate.
Comment on Active: Violence between MQM and MQM-H follow patterns recorded throughout 1997. Fighting mainly involved small-scale attacks, usually targeting the headquarters or noted members of their enemy. Such attacks usually took the form of gunmen firing from vehicles, or small clashes by armed assailants on the streets of Karachi.
Terminated: NO
