General information
Part of Conflict: n/a
First Battle Related Death: 1998-07-07
Date when dyad reached 25 battle releated deaths: 1998-07-13
Comment on date when dyad reached 25 battle related deaths: The non-state conflict between Hausa and Yoruba is first included in UCDP data in 1998. In July of that year clashes in the slums of Lagos (capita of Nigeria) resulted in somewhere between 55 and 95 battle-related deaths.
Conflict issues
Annual information
This section contains annual information systematically collected by the UCDP.
1993
| Estimated Fatalities | |
|---|---|
| High | 0 |
| Best | 0 |
| Low | 0 |
Secondary Warring Support:
Side A (Hausa): n/a
Side B (Yoruba): n/a
1998
| Estimated Fatalities | |
|---|---|
| High | 100 |
| Best | 60 |
| Low | 60 |
Secondary Warring Support:
Side A (Hausa): n/a
Side B (Yoruba): n/a
1999
| Estimated Fatalities | |
|---|---|
| High | 133 |
| Best | 93 |
| Low | 93 |
Secondary Warring Support:
Side A (Hausa): n/a
Side B (Yoruba): n/a
2000
| Estimated Fatalities | |
|---|---|
| High | 5 |
| Best | 5 |
| Low | 5 |
Secondary Warring Support:
Side A (Hausa): n/a
Side B (Yoruba): n/a
2002
| Estimated Fatalities | |
|---|---|
| High | 100 |
| Best | 100 |
| Low | 50 |
Secondary Warring Support:
Side A (Hausa): n/a
Side B (Yoruba): n/a
2010
| Estimated Fatalities | |
|---|---|
| High | 6 |
| Best | 1 |
| Low | 1 |
Secondary Warring Support:
Side A (Hausa): n/a
Side B (Yoruba): n/a
2012
| Estimated Fatalities | |
|---|---|
| High | 16 |
| Best | 16 |
| Low | 16 |
Secondary Warring Support:
Side A (Hausa): n/a
Side B (Yoruba): n/a
2016
| Estimated Fatalities | |
|---|---|
| High | 13 |
| Best | 13 |
| Low | 13 |
Secondary Warring Support:
Side A (Hausa): n/a
Side B (Yoruba): n/a
2017
| Estimated Fatalities | |
|---|---|
| High | 46 |
| Best | 46 |
| Low | 46 |
Secondary Warring Support:
Side A (Hausa): n/a
Side B (Yoruba): n/a
2018
| Estimated Fatalities | |
|---|---|
| High | 0 |
| Best | 0 |
| Low | 0 |
Secondary Warring Support:
Side A (Hausa): n/a
Side B (Yoruba): n/a
2019
| Estimated Fatalities | |
|---|---|
| High | 7 |
| Best | 5 |
| Low | 3 |
Secondary Warring Support:
Side A (Hausa): n/a
Side B (Yoruba): n/a
2020
| Estimated Fatalities | |
|---|---|
| High | 12 |
| Best | 6 |
| Low | 6 |
Secondary Warring Support:
Side A (Hausa): n/a
Side B (Yoruba): n/a
2021
| Estimated Fatalities | |
|---|---|
| High | 29 |
| Best | 3 |
| Low | 2 |
Secondary Warring Support:
Side A (Hausa): n/a
Side B (Yoruba): n/a
2022
| Estimated Fatalities | |
|---|---|
| High | 1 |
| Best | 0 |
| Low | 0 |
Secondary Warring Support:
Side A (Hausa): n/a
Side B (Yoruba): n/a
2024
| Estimated Fatalities | |
|---|---|
| High | 1 |
| Best | 1 |
| Low | 1 |
Secondary Warring Support:
Side A (Hausa): n/a
Side B (Yoruba): n/a
Dyad Archive
This section contains annual information no longer systematically collected by the UCDP.
1993 Dyad Archive
Terminated: NO
1998 Dyad Archive
Comment on Yearly Battle Related Deaths: The discrepancy concerning the fatality estimate stems from differing reports by media and NGO’s; due to the chaotic setting it is difficult to distinguish certain deaths in terms of causes and locations. That is why the figure 100 that is noted in some reports is considered to be a high estimate, and the figure of 60 that is noted in a majority of the news reports is given as the best/low estimate.
Comment on Active: The violence was sparked when Chief Mashood Abiola died in custody on 7 July 1998. Abiola, who was on the way to victory in the 1993 elections before he was jailed, died just days before he was scheduled to be released. His death, and speculations as to what had caused it, fuelled the violence. The unrest was concentrated to the capital Lagos although reports of violence were also filed from Ibadan and Abeokuta. The cause of Abiola’s death was later determined to be natural; this did not ease the situation as riots continued for almost a week. The reason for the ethnical aspect of the riots was the fact that Abiola was of Yoruba ethnicity, and when he proclaimed himself the winner of the 1993 elections he disrupted the traditionally Hausa majority within Nigerian politics. This fact further enraged the Yoruba population who saw Abiola as a leader figure that could potentially increase the Yoruba influence in Nigerian politics. When he died, suspicious Yorubas immediately accused the Hausa president Abubakhar and his government of foul play, causing the death of Abiola.
Terminated: NO
1999 Dyad Archive
Comment on Yearly Battle Related Deaths: The discrepancy between the high and best figure is due to conflicting news reports were different fatality estimates are given.
Comment on Active: The violence in the Hausa – Yoruba conflict in 1999 originated from an incident where a Hausa woman from northern Nigeria was caught watching a Yoruba ritual, thereby breaking a local taboo. The woman was killed, which sparked an episode of violence that lasted for five days. During these five days at least 93 people lost their lives.
Terminated: NO
2000 Dyad Archive
Terminated: NO
2002 Dyad Archive
Comment on Active: Clashes between the Hausa and the Yoruba people during 2002 took place mainly during the first week of early February. The fighting, in a Lagos slum, was triggered by a minor issue regarding money, which escalated into violent conflict between rivalling Yoruba and Hausa youth gangs.
Terminated: NO
2010 Dyad Archive
Terminated: NO
2012 Dyad Archive
Terminated: NO
2016 Dyad Archive
Terminated: NO
2017 Dyad Archive
Terminated: NO
2018 Dyad Archive
Terminated: NO
2019 Dyad Archive
Terminated: NO
2020 Dyad Archive
Terminated: NO
2021 Dyad Archive
Terminated: NO
2022 Dyad Archive
Terminated: NO
2024 Dyad Archive
Terminated: NO
