General information
Type of Incompatibility: Not applicable
Date of first battle related death: 1990-01-16
Date of conflict reached 25 battle releated deaths: 1990-07-14
Comment on conflict reached 25 battle releated deaths: The Government of Indonesia first became active as a one-sided actor in UCDP data in 1990, when the one-sided violence resulted in over 25 civilian deaths, even though there were unconfirmed reports of one-sided violence in earlier years. The threshold was reached in mid-July of that year when government soldiers shot 26 villagers in Buloh Blang Ara village of Aceh Province.
Annual information
This section contains annual information systematically collected by the UCDP.
1990
Primary Parties: Government of Indonesia - Civilians
Dimension: One-sided
| Estimated Fatalities | |
|---|---|
| High | 89 |
| Best | 89 |
| Low | 50 |
Numbers include fatalities for all dyads both active and inactive for this year
1991
Primary Parties: Government of Indonesia - Civilians
Dimension: One-sided
| Estimated Fatalities | |
|---|---|
| High | 589 |
| Best | 371 |
| Low | 187 |
Numbers include fatalities for all dyads both active and inactive for this year
1992
Primary Parties: -
Dimension: One-sided
| Estimated Fatalities | |
|---|---|
| High | 6 |
| Best | 6 |
| Low | 6 |
Numbers include fatalities for all dyads both active and inactive for this year
1993
Primary Parties: -
Dimension: One-sided
| Estimated Fatalities | |
|---|---|
| High | 22 |
| Best | 9 |
| Low | 9 |
Numbers include fatalities for all dyads both active and inactive for this year
1994
Primary Parties: -
Dimension: One-sided
| Estimated Fatalities | |
|---|---|
| High | 6 |
| Best | 5 |
| Low | 4 |
Numbers include fatalities for all dyads both active and inactive for this year
1995
Primary Parties: Government of Indonesia - Civilians
Dimension: One-sided
| Estimated Fatalities | |
|---|---|
| High | 38 |
| Best | 32 |
| Low | 32 |
Numbers include fatalities for all dyads both active and inactive for this year
1996
Primary Parties: -
Dimension: One-sided
| Estimated Fatalities | |
|---|---|
| High | 24 |
| Best | 15 |
| Low | 15 |
Numbers include fatalities for all dyads both active and inactive for this year
1997
Primary Parties: Government of Indonesia - Civilians
Dimension: One-sided
| Estimated Fatalities | |
|---|---|
| High | 34 |
| Best | 30 |
| Low | 29 |
Numbers include fatalities for all dyads both active and inactive for this year
1998
Primary Parties: Government of Indonesia - Civilians
Dimension: One-sided
| Estimated Fatalities | |
|---|---|
| High | 125 |
| Best | 75 |
| Low | 28 |
Numbers include fatalities for all dyads both active and inactive for this year
1999
Primary Parties: Government of Indonesia - Civilians
Dimension: One-sided
| Estimated Fatalities | |
|---|---|
| High | 1410 |
| Best | 857 |
| Low | 857 |
Numbers include fatalities for all dyads both active and inactive for this year
2000
Primary Parties: Government of Indonesia - Civilians
Dimension: One-sided
| Estimated Fatalities | |
|---|---|
| High | 49 |
| Best | 36 |
| Low | 36 |
Numbers include fatalities for all dyads both active and inactive for this year
2001
Primary Parties: Government of Indonesia - Civilians
Dimension: One-sided
| Estimated Fatalities | |
|---|---|
| High | 91 |
| Best | 52 |
| Low | 51 |
Numbers include fatalities for all dyads both active and inactive for this year
2002
Primary Parties: Government of Indonesia - Civilians
Dimension: One-sided
| Estimated Fatalities | |
|---|---|
| High | 51 |
| Best | 37 |
| Low | 19 |
Numbers include fatalities for all dyads both active and inactive for this year
2003
Primary Parties: Government of Indonesia - Civilians
Dimension: One-sided
| Estimated Fatalities | |
|---|---|
| High | 297 |
| Best | 52 |
| Low | 51 |
Numbers include fatalities for all dyads both active and inactive for this year
2004
Primary Parties: -
Dimension: One-sided
| Estimated Fatalities | |
|---|---|
| High | 9 |
| Best | 7 |
| Low | 7 |
Numbers include fatalities for all dyads both active and inactive for this year
2005
Primary Parties: -
Dimension: One-sided
| Estimated Fatalities | |
|---|---|
| High | 7 |
| Best | 5 |
| Low | 5 |
Numbers include fatalities for all dyads both active and inactive for this year
2006
Primary Parties: -
Dimension: One-sided
| Estimated Fatalities | |
|---|---|
| High | 3 |
| Best | 3 |
| Low | 3 |
Numbers include fatalities for all dyads both active and inactive for this year
2007
Primary Parties: -
Dimension: One-sided
| Estimated Fatalities | |
|---|---|
| High | 2 |
| Best | 2 |
| Low | 2 |
Numbers include fatalities for all dyads both active and inactive for this year
2008
Primary Parties: -
Dimension: One-sided
| Estimated Fatalities | |
|---|---|
| High | 1 |
| Best | 1 |
| Low | 0 |
Numbers include fatalities for all dyads both active and inactive for this year
2011
Primary Parties: -
Dimension: One-sided
| Estimated Fatalities | |
|---|---|
| High | 2 |
| Best | 2 |
| Low | 2 |
Numbers include fatalities for all dyads both active and inactive for this year
2012
Primary Parties: -
Dimension: One-sided
| Estimated Fatalities | |
|---|---|
| High | 1 |
| Best | 1 |
| Low | 1 |
Numbers include fatalities for all dyads both active and inactive for this year
2013
Primary Parties: -
Dimension: One-sided
| Estimated Fatalities | |
|---|---|
| High | 0 |
| Best | 0 |
| Low | 0 |
Numbers include fatalities for all dyads both active and inactive for this year
2014
Primary Parties: -
Dimension: One-sided
| Estimated Fatalities | |
|---|---|
| High | 0 |
| Best | 0 |
| Low | 0 |
Numbers include fatalities for all dyads both active and inactive for this year
2015
Primary Parties: -
Dimension: One-sided
| Estimated Fatalities | |
|---|---|
| High | 6 |
| Best | 4 |
| Low | 4 |
Numbers include fatalities for all dyads both active and inactive for this year
2016
Primary Parties: -
Dimension: One-sided
| Estimated Fatalities | |
|---|---|
| High | 0 |
| Best | 0 |
| Low | 0 |
Numbers include fatalities for all dyads both active and inactive for this year
2017
Primary Parties: -
Dimension: One-sided
| Estimated Fatalities | |
|---|---|
| High | 4 |
| Best | 0 |
| Low | 0 |
Numbers include fatalities for all dyads both active and inactive for this year
2018
Primary Parties: -
Dimension: One-sided
| Estimated Fatalities | |
|---|---|
| High | 7 |
| Best | 7 |
| Low | 7 |
Numbers include fatalities for all dyads both active and inactive for this year
2019
Primary Parties: -
Dimension: One-sided
| Estimated Fatalities | |
|---|---|
| High | 0 |
| Best | 0 |
| Low | 0 |
Numbers include fatalities for all dyads both active and inactive for this year
2020
Primary Parties: -
Dimension: One-sided
| Estimated Fatalities | |
|---|---|
| High | 5 |
| Best | 1 |
| Low | 1 |
Numbers include fatalities for all dyads both active and inactive for this year
2021
Primary Parties: -
Dimension: One-sided
| Estimated Fatalities | |
|---|---|
| High | 2 |
| Best | 2 |
| Low | 2 |
Numbers include fatalities for all dyads both active and inactive for this year
2022
Primary Parties: -
Dimension: One-sided
| Estimated Fatalities | |
|---|---|
| High | 6 |
| Best | 6 |
| Low | 5 |
Numbers include fatalities for all dyads both active and inactive for this year
2023
Primary Parties: -
Dimension: One-sided
| Estimated Fatalities | |
|---|---|
| High | 7 |
| Best | 7 |
| Low | 7 |
Numbers include fatalities for all dyads both active and inactive for this year
2024
Primary Parties: -
Dimension: One-sided
| Estimated Fatalities | |
|---|---|
| High | 12 |
| Best | 8 |
| Low | 8 |
Numbers include fatalities for all dyads both active and inactive for this year
2025
Primary Parties: -
Dimension: One-sided
| Estimated Fatalities | |
|---|---|
| High | 15 |
| Best | 15 |
| Low | 10 |
Numbers include fatalities for all dyads both active and inactive for this year
Conflict Archive
This section contains annual information no longer systematically collected by the UCDP.
1990 Conflict Archive
Terminated: NO
1991 Conflict Archive
Comment on Activity: The violence during 1991 was concentrated to East Timor. In November, the Indonesian army opened fire against a funeral procession when youths walked from the church to the cemetery. In addition, several demonstrators were shot to death by Indonesian military personnel. Extra judicial killings have been reported where two of the victims were beaten to death after intense interrogations regarding their suspected affiliation to the East Timor militia.
Comment on Yearly Battle Related Deaths: Despite the high rather high number of estimate, there are several unconfirmed deaths that are not recognized by the government which only recognises 50 dead while NGO’s have reported a total of 271 dead and 250 missing. Thus, the discrepancy between high and low estimates.
Terminated: NO
1992 Conflict Archive
Comment on Activity: In June, 40 East Timorese were killed by Indonesian military. Six people have been reported missing. Incidents have been reported in Papua as well as in East Timor.
Comment on Yearly Battle Related Deaths: Seven people have been reported missing; however, the whereabouts of these people remain unknown and are thus not confirmed dead.
Terminated: NO
1993 Conflict Archive
Terminated: NO
1994 Conflict Archive
Terminated: NO
1995 Conflict Archive
Comment on Activity: The violence was distributed between East Timor and Papua. The indiscriminate violence against Papuans included eleven people killed by Indonesian forces when praying in a hut. In addition, eleven civilians including children were slain in a May attack against Papuans. Several people have been abducted. In the case of East Timor, fatal violence and abductions have been reported. One incident, in May, included the execution of six civilians due to accusations regarding known information about the guerillas.
Comment on Yearly Battle Related Deaths: Several abductions have been reported, however, these abductions are not confirmed deaths.
Terminated: NO
1996 Conflict Archive
Terminated: NO
1997 Conflict Archive
Comment on Activity: Two of the victims were participating in separate demonstrations when they were shot by the Indonesian military. The general reports do not specify the occasions of a majority of the killings during this year.
Terminated: NO
1998 Conflict Archive
Comment on Activity: One of the attacks carried out by the Indonesian forces targeted a church on 13 November. The military detained people and in the attack approximately seven people were killed, including a priest.
Comment on Yearly Battle Related Deaths: The number of missing people is included in the high estimate, however not confirmed dead.
Terminated: NO
1999 Conflict Archive
Comment on Activity: To this date, 1999 was the most violent year in terms of one-sided violence committed by the government. One reason is the armament of militiamen, where the government has provided pro-governmental forces with weapons, and made them part of the government forces and as a result raised the number of incidents and estimated numbers of dead. The various militias have been reported to have been carrying out violence on several occasions and have been working in joint operations with government forces. The majority of the victims have had connections to the East Timor area. However, the Aceh population has been targeted as well. The bloodiest incident took place on 26 July when the Indonesian military went into an Aceh village, allegedly killing 58 civilians whose bodies were thrown into a well by surviving villagers at gunpoint. A church was attacked with grenades and gunfire which killed several sheltering people and three priests. The militiamen are reported to be responsible for approximately 150 killings.
Comment on Yearly Battle Related Deaths: Not all incidents are confirmed, thus rendering a discrepancy regarding the low and high estimate.
Terminated: NO
2000 Conflict Archive
Comment on Activity: Pro-government militias are included and were deployed on the border between west and east Aceh. The militias were responsible for several killings in a refugee camp. In addition, several killing sprees took place in Aceh.
Comment on Yearly Battle Related Deaths: Not all incidents are confirmed, thus rendering a discrepancy regarding the low and high estimate.
Terminated: NO
2001 Conflict Archive
Comment on Activity: There are numerous reports regarding governmental indiscriminate killings in Aceh province where a majority of the victims were shot to death. Some of them became victims of joint security forces when aiming at capturing rebel (the Free Aceh Movement, GAM) members. In addition, refugee camps were attacked and several civilians were executed.
Comment on Yearly Battle Related Deaths: Many incidents are not fully confirmed along with the denial of victims by the government, thus the discrepancy.
Terminated: NO
2002 Conflict Archive
Comment on Activity: The killings were distributed over several incidents, covering the whole year. Government troops continued their search for rebels and several civilians were victims to the raids by the government forces.
Comment on Yearly Battle Related Deaths: As the government denies a majority of the killings, there is a discrepancy between low/best and high estimates
Terminated: NO
2003 Conflict Archive
Comment on Activity: Reports are recording that hundreds of civilians have been killed in attacks by the national armed forces. However, this year is rather difficult to estimate as the Free Aceh Movement (GAM) and the government have blamed each other for indiscriminate killings.
Terminated: NO
2004 Conflict Archive
Terminated: NO
2005 Conflict Archive
Terminated: NO
2006 Conflict Archive
Terminated: NO
2007 Conflict Archive
Terminated: NO
2008 Conflict Archive
Terminated: NO
2011 Conflict Archive
Terminated: NO
2012 Conflict Archive
Terminated: NO
2013 Conflict Archive
Terminated: NO
2014 Conflict Archive
Terminated: NO
2015 Conflict Archive
Terminated: NO
2016 Conflict Archive
Terminated: NO
2017 Conflict Archive
Terminated: NO
2018 Conflict Archive
Terminated: NO
2019 Conflict Archive
Terminated: NO
2020 Conflict Archive
Terminated: NO
2021 Conflict Archive
Terminated: NO
2022 Conflict Archive
Terminated: NO
2023 Conflict Archive
Terminated: NO
2024 Conflict Archive
Terminated: NO
2025 Conflict Archive
Terminated: NO
