General information
Type of Incompatibility: Not applicable
Date of first battle related death: 1997-05-01
Date of conflict reached 25 battle releated deaths: 1998-07-17
Comment on conflict reached 25 battle releated deaths: The non-state conflict between the Supporters of ANC and the Supporters of UDM is first included in UCDP data in 1998. In July that year, violence flared up resulting in over 25 battle-related deaths.
Annual information
This section contains annual information systematically collected by the UCDP.
1997
Primary Parties: -
Dimension: Non-State
| Estimated Fatalities | |
|---|---|
| High | 41 |
| Best | 13 |
| Low | 13 |
Numbers include fatalities for all dyads both active and inactive for this year
1998
Primary Parties: Supporters of ANC - Supporters of UDM
Dimension: Non-State
| Estimated Fatalities | |
|---|---|
| High | 124 |
| Best | 29 |
| Low | 29 |
Numbers include fatalities for all dyads both active and inactive for this year
1999
Primary Parties: -
Dimension: Non-State
| Estimated Fatalities | |
|---|---|
| High | 27 |
| Best | 19 |
| Low | 19 |
Numbers include fatalities for all dyads both active and inactive for this year
Conflict Archive
This section contains annual information no longer systematically collected by the UCDP.
1997 Conflict Archive
Terminated: NO
1998 Conflict Archive
Comment on Activity: In 1998, violence between the supporters of ANC and supporters of UDM flared up. The violence was intertwined with a political conflict about control over the larger Richmond area. The main targets were political leaders and their families, which were often shot in their sleep. Most of the violence occurred in the month of July.
Comment on Yearly Battle Related Deaths: The difference in estimation of death tolls between the low and best estimate on the one side, and the high estimate on the other side can be ascribed to the fact that in many of the events UCDP has coded, it remains unclear whether the events were one-sided violence (attacks by one of the party on civilians) or non-state violence (violence between two groups where neither is the government). Due to the chaotic nature of the conflict, there are many cases where this is unclear. In these cases, the death toll mentioned in reporting is counted as a high estimate only, in order to keep the low and best estimate as accurate as possible.
Terminated: NO
1999 Conflict Archive
Terminated: NO
