General information
Type of Incompatibility: Not applicable
Date of first battle related death: 1991-04-05
Date of conflict reached 25 battle releated deaths: 1991-04-11
Comment on conflict reached 25 battle releated deaths: The Government of Togo first became active as a one-sided actor in UCDP data in 1991, when the one-sided violence resulted in more than 25 civilian deaths. The threshold was reached in April of that year when 26 bodies, believed to have been killed by the Togolese army, were found in a lagoon in Lome city.
Annual information
This section contains annual information systematically collected by the UCDP.
1990
Primary Parties: -
Dimension: One-sided
| Estimated Fatalities | |
|---|---|
| High | 0 |
| Best | 0 |
| Low | 0 |
Numbers include fatalities for all dyads both active and inactive for this year
1991
Primary Parties: Government of Togo - Civilians
Dimension: One-sided
| Estimated Fatalities | |
|---|---|
| High | 32 |
| Best | 32 |
| Low | 30 |
Numbers include fatalities for all dyads both active and inactive for this year
1992
Primary Parties: -
Dimension: One-sided
| Estimated Fatalities | |
|---|---|
| High | 5 |
| Best | 5 |
| Low | 5 |
Numbers include fatalities for all dyads both active and inactive for this year
1993
Primary Parties: Government of Togo - Civilians
Dimension: One-sided
| Estimated Fatalities | |
|---|---|
| High | 58 |
| Best | 48 |
| Low | 19 |
Numbers include fatalities for all dyads both active and inactive for this year
1994
Primary Parties: -
Dimension: One-sided
| Estimated Fatalities | |
|---|---|
| High | 0 |
| Best | 0 |
| Low | 0 |
Numbers include fatalities for all dyads both active and inactive for this year
1998
Primary Parties: -
Dimension: One-sided
| Estimated Fatalities | |
|---|---|
| High | 9 |
| Best | 9 |
| Low | 9 |
Numbers include fatalities for all dyads both active and inactive for this year
2005
Primary Parties: Government of Togo - Civilians
Dimension: One-sided
| Estimated Fatalities | |
|---|---|
| High | 461 |
| Best | 436 |
| Low | 436 |
Numbers include fatalities for all dyads both active and inactive for this year
2015
Primary Parties: -
Dimension: One-sided
| Estimated Fatalities | |
|---|---|
| High | 0 |
| Best | 0 |
| Low | 0 |
Numbers include fatalities for all dyads both active and inactive for this year
2017
Primary Parties: -
Dimension: One-sided
| Estimated Fatalities | |
|---|---|
| High | 0 |
| Best | 0 |
| Low | 0 |
Numbers include fatalities for all dyads both active and inactive for this year
2018
Primary Parties: -
Dimension: One-sided
| Estimated Fatalities | |
|---|---|
| High | 0 |
| Best | 0 |
| Low | 0 |
Numbers include fatalities for all dyads both active and inactive for this year
2019
Primary Parties: -
Dimension: One-sided
| Estimated Fatalities | |
|---|---|
| High | 1 |
| Best | 1 |
| Low | 1 |
Numbers include fatalities for all dyads both active and inactive for this year
2025
Primary Parties: -
Dimension: One-sided
| Estimated Fatalities | |
|---|---|
| High | 0 |
| Best | 0 |
| Low | 0 |
Numbers include fatalities for all dyads both active and inactive for this year
Conflict Archive
This section contains annual information no longer systematically collected by the UCDP.
1990 Conflict Archive
Terminated: NO
1991 Conflict Archive
Comment on Activity: In 1991, one-sided violence took place in the context of widespread anti-government demonstrations. The immediate trigger of the demonstrations was a trial of students in October 1990 who were convicted for distributing anti-government tracts. In the following months, demonstrations continuously gained strength, despite government pressure. This culminated in the killing of 28 demonstrators on 11 April 1991 in the Bé Lagoon in Lome.
Terminated: NO
1992 Conflict Archive
Terminated: NO
1993 Conflict Archive
Comment on Activity: One-sided violence by the Government of Togo in 1993 was mainly linked to anti-government demonstrations and the general strike in the beginning of the year. Those demonstrations broke out as a reaction to the events of late 1992, during which the opposition was stripped of any power. The single most violent incident happend on 25 January, when security forsces shot to death 19 demonstrators in Lome.
Comment on Yearly Battle Related Deaths: The significant difference between the Best and the Low estimate results from partly unclear sources and the fact that - with the exception of the 25 January incident - the government denies any such violence to have occured. Neutral sources such as international observers and media list a series of other, smaller, events of one-sided violence which were included in the Best estimate.
Terminated: NO
1994 Conflict Archive
Terminated: NO
1998 Conflict Archive
Terminated: NO
2005 Conflict Archive
Comment on Activity: One-sided violence by the Government of Togo in 2005 occured in the context of the Presidential elections which had to be held following the death of President Eyadéma. After the elections - which were overshadowed by violence, fraud and irregularities - the opposition began to protest the elections and the result. The military and security forces proceeded with heavy violence against them, killing over 400 in the months of April and May 2005 alone, and forcing over 10 000 to flee the country.
Terminated: NO
2015 Conflict Archive
Terminated: NO
2017 Conflict Archive
Terminated: NO
2018 Conflict Archive
Terminated: NO
2019 Conflict Archive
Terminated: NO
2025 Conflict Archive
Terminated: NO
