General information
Type of Incompatibility: Not applicable
Date of first battle related death: 1990-03-12
Date of conflict reached 25 battle releated deaths: 1991-10-02
Comment on conflict reached 25 battle releated deaths: The Government of Haiti first became active as a one-sided actor in UCDP data in 1991, when the one-sided violence resulted in over 25 civilian deaths. The threshold was reached in October that year following the successful coup on 30 September carried out by the forces of Raoul Cédras. Most of the killings occurred in the immediate aftermath of the coup as the new military regime of Cédras began to target residents of neighborhoods suspected of supporting Aristide.
Annual information
This section contains annual information systematically collected by the UCDP.
1990
Primary Parties: -
Dimension: One-sided
| Estimated Fatalities | |
|---|---|
| High | 15 |
| Best | 14 |
| Low | 14 |
Numbers include fatalities for all dyads both active and inactive for this year
1991
Primary Parties: Government of Haiti - Civilians
Dimension: One-sided
| Estimated Fatalities | |
|---|---|
| High | 296 |
| Best | 70 |
| Low | 70 |
Numbers include fatalities for all dyads both active and inactive for this year
1992
Primary Parties: -
Dimension: One-sided
| Estimated Fatalities | |
|---|---|
| High | 0 |
| Best | 0 |
| Low | 0 |
Numbers include fatalities for all dyads both active and inactive for this year
1993
Primary Parties: Government of Haiti - Civilians
Dimension: One-sided
| Estimated Fatalities | |
|---|---|
| High | 137 |
| Best | 37 |
| Low | 37 |
Numbers include fatalities for all dyads both active and inactive for this year
1994
Primary Parties: Government of Haiti - Civilians
Dimension: One-sided
| Estimated Fatalities | |
|---|---|
| High | 463 |
| Best | 44 |
| Low | 44 |
Numbers include fatalities for all dyads both active and inactive for this year
1995
Primary Parties: -
Dimension: One-sided
| Estimated Fatalities | |
|---|---|
| High | 1 |
| Best | 1 |
| Low | 1 |
Numbers include fatalities for all dyads both active and inactive for this year
1996
Primary Parties: -
Dimension: One-sided
| Estimated Fatalities | |
|---|---|
| High | 0 |
| Best | 0 |
| Low | 0 |
Numbers include fatalities for all dyads both active and inactive for this year
1997
Primary Parties: -
Dimension: One-sided
| Estimated Fatalities | |
|---|---|
| High | 0 |
| Best | 0 |
| Low | 0 |
Numbers include fatalities for all dyads both active and inactive for this year
1999
Primary Parties: -
Dimension: One-sided
| Estimated Fatalities | |
|---|---|
| High | 12 |
| Best | 11 |
| Low | 11 |
Numbers include fatalities for all dyads both active and inactive for this year
2003
Primary Parties: -
Dimension: One-sided
| Estimated Fatalities | |
|---|---|
| High | 0 |
| Best | 0 |
| Low | 0 |
Numbers include fatalities for all dyads both active and inactive for this year
2004
Primary Parties: -
Dimension: One-sided
| Estimated Fatalities | |
|---|---|
| High | 31 |
| Best | 24 |
| Low | 24 |
Numbers include fatalities for all dyads both active and inactive for this year
2005
Primary Parties: Government of Haiti - Civilians
Dimension: One-sided
| Estimated Fatalities | |
|---|---|
| High | 74 |
| Best | 40 |
| Low | 40 |
Numbers include fatalities for all dyads both active and inactive for this year
2007
Primary Parties: -
Dimension: One-sided
| Estimated Fatalities | |
|---|---|
| High | 0 |
| Best | 0 |
| Low | 0 |
Numbers include fatalities for all dyads both active and inactive for this year
2011
Primary Parties: -
Dimension: One-sided
| Estimated Fatalities | |
|---|---|
| High | 0 |
| Best | 0 |
| Low | 0 |
Numbers include fatalities for all dyads both active and inactive for this year
2017
Primary Parties: -
Dimension: One-sided
| Estimated Fatalities | |
|---|---|
| High | 8 |
| Best | 8 |
| Low | 8 |
Numbers include fatalities for all dyads both active and inactive for this year
2018
Primary Parties: Government of Haiti - Civilians
Dimension: One-sided
| Estimated Fatalities | |
|---|---|
| High | 71 |
| Best | 71 |
| Low | 71 |
Numbers include fatalities for all dyads both active and inactive for this year
2019
Primary Parties: -
Dimension: One-sided
| Estimated Fatalities | |
|---|---|
| High | 1 |
| Best | 1 |
| Low | 1 |
Numbers include fatalities for all dyads both active and inactive for this year
2020
Primary Parties: -
Dimension: One-sided
| Estimated Fatalities | |
|---|---|
| High | 1 |
| Best | 1 |
| Low | 1 |
Numbers include fatalities for all dyads both active and inactive for this year
2021
Primary Parties: -
Dimension: One-sided
| Estimated Fatalities | |
|---|---|
| High | 5 |
| Best | 5 |
| Low | 5 |
Numbers include fatalities for all dyads both active and inactive for this year
2022
Primary Parties: -
Dimension: One-sided
| Estimated Fatalities | |
|---|---|
| High | 1 |
| Best | 1 |
| Low | 1 |
Numbers include fatalities for all dyads both active and inactive for this year
2023
Primary Parties: Government of Haiti - Civilians
Dimension: One-sided
| Estimated Fatalities | |
|---|---|
| High | 87 |
| Best | 84 |
| Low | 84 |
Numbers include fatalities for all dyads both active and inactive for this year
2024
Primary Parties: Government of Haiti - Civilians
Dimension: One-sided
| Estimated Fatalities | |
|---|---|
| High | 47 |
| Best | 45 |
| Low | 45 |
Numbers include fatalities for all dyads both active and inactive for this year
2025
Primary Parties: -
Dimension: One-sided
| Estimated Fatalities | |
|---|---|
| High | 5 |
| Best | 5 |
| Low | 5 |
Numbers include fatalities for all dyads both active and inactive for this year
Conflict Archive
This section contains annual information no longer systematically collected by the UCDP.
1990 Conflict Archive
Comment on Activity: Since the threshold of 25 battle-related deaths was not reached, this dyad is not considered active for 1990.
Terminated: NO
1991 Conflict Archive
Comment on Activity: Most of the killings occurred in the immediate aftermath of the 30 September coup which toppled President Aristide as the new military regime of Raoul Cédras began to target residents of neighbourhoods suspected of supporting Aristide.
Terminated: NO
1992 Conflict Archive
Comment on Activity: Since the threshold of 25 battle-related deaths was not reached, this dyad is not considered active for 1992.
Terminated: NO
1993 Conflict Archive
Comment on Activity: The attacks on civilians were sanctioned by the Cédras military regime, but were mostly carried out by a new paramilitary force called the FRAPH (Front pour lAvancement et le Progrès Haitien, Front for the Advancement and Progress of Haiti).
Terminated: NO
1994 Conflict Archive
Comment on Yearly Battle Related Deaths: The discrepancy in number of civilian casualties for 1994 were due to the fact that the government-sanctioned paramilitary groups such as the FRAPH took advantage of the climate of impunity to carry out both political and criminal killings. With a high prevalence of gang and given the lack of police and judicial investigation and, it has been difficult to determine how many of the deaths were actually civilian victims as opposed to casualties apart of clashes between the paramilitaries (and at times the police) and armed gangs - though there has been sufficient evidence to support the presumption that a significant number were, in fact, incidents of one-sided violence.
Terminated: NO
1995 Conflict Archive
Comment on Activity: Since the threshold of 25 battle-related deaths was not reached, this dyad is not considered active for 1995.
Terminated: NO
1996 Conflict Archive
Comment on Activity: Since the threshold of 25 battle-related deaths was not reached, this dyad is not considered active for 1996.
Terminated: NO
1997 Conflict Archive
Comment on Activity: Since the threshold of 25 battle-related deaths was not reached, this dyad is not considered active for 1997.
Terminated: NO
1999 Conflict Archive
Comment on Activity: Since the threshold of 25 battle-related deaths was not reached, this dyad is not considered active for 1997.
Terminated: NO
2003 Conflict Archive
Comment on Activity: Since the threshold of 25 battle-related deaths was not reached, this dyad is not considered active for 2003.
Terminated: NO
2004 Conflict Archive
Comment on Activity: Since the threshold of 25 battle-related deaths was not reached, this dyad is not considered active for 2004.
Terminated: NO
2005 Conflict Archive
Comment on Activity: The arm of the government which perpetrated most of the violence against civilians in 2005 was the police and the victims were largely alleged Aristide-supporters.
Terminated: NO
2007 Conflict Archive
Comment on Activity: Since the threshold of 25 battle-related deaths was not reached, this dyad is not considered active for 2007.
Terminated: NO
2011 Conflict Archive
Comment on Activity: Since the threshold of 25 battle-related deaths was not reached, this dyad is not considered active for 2011.
Terminated: NO
2017 Conflict Archive
Comment on Activity: In 2017, the Government of Haiti increased attacks against gangs in the country. In connection to that, on 13 November, the police forces raided the Grand Ravine area of Port-au-Prince, Haiti as part of an anti-gang raid. Nine civilians were killed by the police forces on that day.
Comment on Yearly Battle Related Deaths: All battle-related deaths that year relate to the massacre against civilians perpetrated in Grand Ravine as the armed forces of the Government of Haiti carried out an anti-gang raid in that area of Port-au-Prince, Haiti.
Terminated: NO
2018 Conflict Archive
Comment on Activity: In 2018, a massacre against civilians led by the Government of Haiti was perpetrated in the area of La Saline in Port-au-Prince, Haiti.
Comment on Yearly Battle Related Deaths: In 2018, a massacre against civilians led by the Government of Haiti left at least 71 fatalities in the area of La Saline in Port-au-Prince, Haiti.
Terminated: NO
2019 Conflict Archive
Comment on Activity: In 2019, the Government of Haiti killed an unarmed young man in Mirebalais, Haiti, thus continuing the violence against civilians.
Comment on Yearly Battle Related Deaths: In 2019, the Government of Haiti killed an unarmed young man in Mirebalais, Haiti, thus continuing the violence against civilians.
Terminated: NO
2020 Conflict Archive
Comment on Activity: In 2020, a student who was part of a peaceful protest was killed by the Government of Haiti's police forces in Port-au-Prince and a senator’s security guard shot an unarmed man in Miragoane, Haiti.
Comment on Yearly Battle Related Deaths: In 2020, a student who was part of a peaceful protest was killed by the Government of Haiti's police forces in Port-au-Prince and a senator’s security guard shot an unarmed man in Miragoane, Haiti.
Terminated: NO
2021 Conflict Archive
Comment on Activity: Since the threshold of 25 battle-related deaths was not reached, this dyad is not considered active for 2021.
Terminated: NO
2022 Conflict Archive
Comment on Activity: Since the threshold of 25 battle-related deaths was not reached, this dyad is not considered active for 2022.
Terminated: NO
2023 Conflict Archive
Comment on Activity: From 27 February to 5 March 2023, members of the G9 an Fanmi ak Alye attacked neighborhoods in upper Bel Air controlled by Kempès Sanon. During this period, the Haitian National Police (PNH) provided three armored tanks to G9 fighters, which were reported to have remained in Bel Air for at least five days. Public denunciation of the PNH's presence alongside the armed groups ultimately led to the withdrawal of the vehicles, though their deployment corroborated accounts of direct police cooperation with the G9 during the attacks.
Comment on Yearly Battle Related Deaths: Between late February and mid-March 2023, the G9, operating in conjunction with the Government of Haiti, carried out a series of attacks against civilians in Bel Air, Port-au-Prince. There was a total of 84 deaths during that time.
Terminated: NO
2024 Conflict Archive
Comment on Activity: Between April and June 2024, police operations conducted by specialized units against gangs resulted in several civilian casualties. While the majority were struck by stray bullets during clashes, there were also instances of excessive use of force by police against individuals who were not engaged in violence at the time, including pedestrians and street vendors.
Comment on Yearly Battle Related Deaths: Police operations conducted by specialized units against gangs resulted in several civilian casualties. At least 45 cases involved the excessive use of force by police against individuals who were not engaged in violence at the time, including pedestrians and street vendors.
Terminated: NO
2025 Conflict Archive
Comment on Activity: Since the threshold of 25 battle-related deaths was not reached, this dyad is not considered active for 2025.
Terminated: NO
