General information
Type of Incompatibility: Territory
Comment on Type of Incompatibility: The Georgian independence from the Soviet Union in April 1991 was not welcomed in the Georgian autonomous Republic of Abkhazia. The growing Georgian nationalism, which had lead to the independence declaration, was considered a threat to the ethnic minorities in the country, among them the Abkhaz people. Abkhazia is located in western Georgia and constitutes about 10% of the country's surface. Out of the 500 000 people that lived in the area before the outbreak of war approximately 18% were Abkhazians.
On 23 July 1992, the Supreme Soviet of the autonomous Republic of Abkhazia proclaimed the state’s sovereignty. The Georgian State Council declared Abkhazia’s independence declaration invalid on 25 July.
Territory: Abkhazia
Date of first stated goal of incompatibility: 1992-07-23
Comment on date of first stated goals of incompatibility: The Georgian independence from the Soviet Union in April 1991 was not welcomed in the autonomous Republic of Abkhazia. The growing Georgian nationalism, which had lead to the independence declaration, was considered a threat to the ethnic minorities in the country, among them the Abkhaz people. Abkhazia is located in western Georgia and constitutes about 10% of the country's surface. Out of the 500 000 people that lived in the area before the outbreak of war, approximately 18% were Abkhazians.
On 23 July 1992, the Supreme Soviet of the autonomous Republic of Abkhazia proclaimed the state’s sovereignty. The Georgian State Council declared Abkhazia’s independence declaration invalid on 25 July.
Date of first use of armed force: 1992-08-14
Comment on first use of armed force: 3000 Georgian soldiers arrived at Suchumi, the capital of Abkhazia, on 14 August 1992. The Abkhaz forces responded with a series of attacks, but the Georgian troops succeeded in gaining control over the capital.
Date of first battle related death: 1992-08-14
Comment on first battle related death: 3000 Georgian soldiers arrived in Abkhazia on 14 August. The Abkhazian troops responded with a series of attacks but Georgia nevertheless managed to gain control over Suchumi, the capital of Georgia. The battles between Georgian and Abkhaz forces caused at least 15 deaths on 14 August.
Date of conflict reached 25 battle releated deaths: 1992-08-17
Comment on conflict reached 25 battle releated deaths: 3000 Georgian soldiers arrived in Abkhazia on 14 August. The Abkhazian troops responded with a series of attacks but Georgia nevertheless managed to gain control over Suchumi, the capital of Abkhazia. The battles between Georgian and Abkhaz forces had caused at least 30 deaths by 17 August.
Annual information
This section contains annual information systematically collected by the UCDP.
1992
Primary Parties: Government of Georgia - Republic of Abkhazia
Dimension: Internal
| Estimated Fatalities | |
|---|---|
| High | 1195 |
| Best | 566 |
| Low | 566 |
Numbers include fatalities for all dyads both active and inactive for this year
Peace agreements
Name of peace agreement: Final Document of the Moscow Meeting (Moscow Ceasefire)
Date when warring parties signed the agreement: 1992-09-03
Comment of peace agreement: Partial Peace Agreement
This agreement is part of the process leading to further discussion on the Abkhaz conflict. The parties agree to a ceasefire and to cease the use of force on 5 September 1992 at noon. The parties establish a Monitoring and Inspection Commission to implement and ensure compliance with the provisions of the agreement. As part of its functions, the Commission is designated to carry out DDR provisions.
Regarding the incompatibility, the parties agree to maintain the territorial integrity of Georgia and to work toward a comprehensive political settlement in Abkhazia.
The agreement further provides for exchange of prisoners, return of refugees, facilitation of movement of goods and services, assurances of humanitarian assistance, and respect for human rights. Free and democratic elections are to be held.
Signatories: Signatories: FOR THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION;
G. s. Khizha
A. v. Kozyrev
P. s.Grachev
A. M. Mirzabekov
M. M. Magomedov
B.M. Kokov
K. M. Karmokov
v.N. Saveliev
v. I. Khubiev
s. v. Khetagurov
A. K. Galazov
A. A.Dzharimov
FOR THE REPUBLIC OF GEORGIA T. I.Siqua T. K. Kitovani A.D. Chikvaidze A. K. Tleuzh v. N.Diakonov E. s.Kuznetsov v. F. Choub
Abkhazia [although not recognized as such in agreement]
v. G. Ardzinba
v. I. Zarandia
T.Nadareishvili
Comment of signatories: Comprehensive peace agreement signed in Moscow on 3 September 1992.
Third parties: Russia
Comment of third parties role in peace agreement: Preamble notes participation of leaders of Abkhazia and the North Caucasian republics, territories and regions of the Russian Federation
Full-text peace agreement
1993
Primary Parties: Government of Georgia - Republic of Abkhazia
Dimension: Internal
Comment on Dimension: Although questioned during 1992, Russias active and direct involvement in the conflict took a turn after October 1993. In order to get support from Russia Georgian President Shevardnaze was forced to join the Commonwealth of Independent States, CIS. As agreed, the day after Georgias entrance in the CIS Russia arrived with troops in the country in order to help the government of Georgia to stop the autonomous republic of Abchazia to take their plans of independence any further.
| Estimated Fatalities | |
|---|---|
| High | 2563 |
| Best | 1611 |
| Low | 1611 |
Numbers include fatalities for all dyads both active and inactive for this year
Peace agreements
Name of peace agreement: Memorandum of understanding between the Georgian and Abkhaz sides at the negotiations held in Geneva
Date when warring parties signed the agreement: 1993-12-01
Comment of peace agreement: Partial Peace Agreement
This agreement came out of the first round of negotiations between the Georgian and Abkhaz parties, which took place from 30 November to 1 December 1993 in Geneva. The parties agreed to end the use of force in accordance with a ceasefire agreement from July 1993. The commitment was to refrain from force during the period of negotiations.
Regarding the incompatibility, this memorandum is signed in the interest of reaching a comprehensive settlement of the Georgian-Abkhaz conflict. Parties committed to further negotiations, including discussion on the political status of Abkhazia, to start on 11 January 1994 either in Moscow or in Geneva.
In addition to the ceasefire, the agreement provided for a prisoner exchange, to take place before 20 December 1993. This provision also included measures to search for missing persons and reburial of the dead. Return of refugees is undertaken, including that they were to be granted any property they had left behind. The assistance of UNHCR was requested in this respect. International assistance was also requested to support efforts in humanitarian assistance. A peacekeeping operation is requested, subject to agreement by the UN.
Signatories: For the Georgian side (Jaba Ioseliani)
For the Abkhaz side (Sokrat Jinjolia)
In the presence of:
For the United Nations (Edouard Brunner)
Russian Federation (Boris Pastukhov)
CSCE (Vincenzo Manno)
Comment of signatories: Comprehensive peace agreement signed in Geneva, Switzerland on 1 December 1993.
Third parties: UN, Russia, CSCE
Comment of third parties role in peace agreement: The United Nations oversaw the talks, with Russia acting as facilitator, and a representative of the Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe (CSCE) was present.
Full-text peace agreement
1994
Primary Parties: -
Dimension: Internal
| Estimated Fatalities | |
|---|---|
| High | 0 |
| Best | 0 |
| Low | 0 |
Numbers include fatalities for all dyads both active and inactive for this year
Peace agreements
Name of peace agreement: Communiqué on the second round of negotiations between the Georgian and Abkhaz sides
Date when warring parties signed the agreement: 1994-01-13
Comment of peace agreement: Partial Peace Agreement
This agreement resulted from the second round of negotiations between Georgian and Abkhaz parties, which took place between 11-13 January 1994 in Geneva. The parties agreed implementation mechanisms and an agenda for future negotiations on a comprehensive political settlement.
The parties reaffirmed their commitment not to use force and outlined a timeline for DDR processes to take place, specifying withdrawal of all armed units, weapons, and equipment as well as disarmament of units.
Regarding the incompatibility, the parties decided to continue discussions on the political status of Akbhazia at the next meeting, to be held in Moscow on 8 February 1994.
A request for deployment of an international peacekeeping operation in Abkhazia is made. The question of refugee resettlement is addressed by specifying support to be established through a special voluntary fund by the UN, continued work on a Quadripartite Agreement for repatriation to Abkhazia, creation of a special commission to oversee the process, and outlining the implementation timeline with the process to start in the Gali region. Finally, interest is expressed in the establishment of an international commission to support economic recovery and restore infrastructure in the region. The negotiations are set to continue in Moscow or Geneva on 22 February 1994.
Signatories: For the Georgian side J. Ioseliani
For the Abkhaz side S. Jinjolia
In the presence of:
From the UN E. Brunner
From the Russian Federation B. Pastukhov
From the OSCE V. Manno
Comment of signatories: Comprehensive peace agreement signed in Geneva, Switzerland on 13 January 1994.
Third parties: Russia, UN, OSCE
Comment of third parties role in peace agreement: The OSCE had been invovled in promoting a peaceful solution to the conflicts in Abkhazia and South Ossetia. The UN oversaw negoations and Russia helped facilitate the process.
Full-text peace agreement
Name of peace agreement: Declaration on measures for a political settlement of the Georgian/Abkhaz conflict
Date when warring parties signed the agreement: 1994-04-04
Comment of peace agreement: Partial peace agreement
The third round of negotiations on a settlement of the Georgian-Abkhaz conflict took place during 1994 from 22-25 February in Geneva, 7-9 March in New York and 29-31 March in Moscow under the aegis of the United Nations. Representatives from the OSCE and the Russian Federation also participated.The peace agreement is composed of two parts, one agreement calling into place a ceasefire and regulating some of the incompatibility and the other an agreement on the return of refugees and displaced persons.
The ceasefire was of a formal nature and forbade the use of violence or threat of violence in the relations between the two entities. The agreement did not regulated the disarmament or demobilization of any of the two parties’ troops, but did request that a UN peacekeeping force be deployed to monitor the agreement and separate the forces. Also, the parties requested that the observers mission to Georgia would be expanded.
In the political sphere the parties agreed that Abkhazia would have its own constitution and legislation, along with appropriate state symbols such as a flag, anthem and emblem. Discussions were held regarding a future distribution of powers, and the parties came to the understanding that there would be joint action in such fields as foreign policy, border controls, customs and in ensuring human and civic rights.
Two committees were established, one to supervise the return of refugees and one to oversee future relations between Abkhazia and Georgia. The parties also agreed to intensify the investigation of war crimes.
Signatories: Primary parties: A. Kavsadze, Georgia; S. Jinjolia, Abkhazia Third party signatories: E. Brunner, United Nations; B. Pastukhov, Russian Federation; V. Manno, OSCE
Comment of signatories: Comprehensive peace agreement
Third parties: United Nations, Organisation of Security and Cooperation in Europe (previously Conference of Security and Cooperation in Europe, CSCE), Russian Federation
Full-text peace agreement
1995
Primary Parties: -
Dimension: Internal
| Estimated Fatalities | |
|---|---|
| High | 0 |
| Best | 0 |
| Low | 0 |
Numbers include fatalities for all dyads both active and inactive for this year
1996
Primary Parties: -
Dimension: Internal
| Estimated Fatalities | |
|---|---|
| High | 0 |
| Best | 0 |
| Low | 0 |
Numbers include fatalities for all dyads both active and inactive for this year
1997
Primary Parties: -
Dimension: Internal
| Estimated Fatalities | |
|---|---|
| High | 0 |
| Best | 0 |
| Low | 0 |
Numbers include fatalities for all dyads both active and inactive for this year
1998
Primary Parties: -
Dimension: Internal
| Estimated Fatalities | |
|---|---|
| High | 0 |
| Best | 0 |
| Low | 0 |
Numbers include fatalities for all dyads both active and inactive for this year
1999
Primary Parties: -
Dimension: Internal
| Estimated Fatalities | |
|---|---|
| High | 0 |
| Best | 0 |
| Low | 0 |
Numbers include fatalities for all dyads both active and inactive for this year
2000
Primary Parties: -
Dimension: Internal
| Estimated Fatalities | |
|---|---|
| High | 0 |
| Best | 0 |
| Low | 0 |
Numbers include fatalities for all dyads both active and inactive for this year
2001
Primary Parties: -
Dimension: Internal
| Estimated Fatalities | |
|---|---|
| High | 0 |
| Best | 0 |
| Low | 0 |
Numbers include fatalities for all dyads both active and inactive for this year
2002
Primary Parties: -
Dimension: Internal
| Estimated Fatalities | |
|---|---|
| High | 0 |
| Best | 0 |
| Low | 0 |
Numbers include fatalities for all dyads both active and inactive for this year
2003
Primary Parties: -
Dimension: Internal
| Estimated Fatalities | |
|---|---|
| High | 0 |
| Best | 0 |
| Low | 0 |
Numbers include fatalities for all dyads both active and inactive for this year
2004
Primary Parties: -
Dimension: Internal
| Estimated Fatalities | |
|---|---|
| High | 0 |
| Best | 0 |
| Low | 0 |
Numbers include fatalities for all dyads both active and inactive for this year
2005
Primary Parties: -
Dimension: Internal
| Estimated Fatalities | |
|---|---|
| High | 0 |
| Best | 0 |
| Low | 0 |
Numbers include fatalities for all dyads both active and inactive for this year
2006
Primary Parties: -
Dimension: Internal
| Estimated Fatalities | |
|---|---|
| High | 0 |
| Best | 0 |
| Low | 0 |
Numbers include fatalities for all dyads both active and inactive for this year
2007
Primary Parties: -
Dimension: Internal
| Estimated Fatalities | |
|---|---|
| High | 0 |
| Best | 0 |
| Low | 0 |
Numbers include fatalities for all dyads both active and inactive for this year
2008
Primary Parties: -
Dimension: Internal
| Estimated Fatalities | |
|---|---|
| High | 0 |
| Best | 0 |
| Low | 0 |
Numbers include fatalities for all dyads both active and inactive for this year
2009
Primary Parties: -
Dimension: Internal
| Estimated Fatalities | |
|---|---|
| High | 0 |
| Best | 0 |
| Low | 0 |
Numbers include fatalities for all dyads both active and inactive for this year
2010
Primary Parties: -
Dimension: Internal
| Estimated Fatalities | |
|---|---|
| High | 7 |
| Best | 3 |
| Low | 3 |
Numbers include fatalities for all dyads both active and inactive for this year
2011
Primary Parties: -
Dimension: Internal
| Estimated Fatalities | |
|---|---|
| High | 3 |
| Best | 0 |
| Low | 0 |
Numbers include fatalities for all dyads both active and inactive for this year
2012
Primary Parties: -
Dimension: Internal
| Estimated Fatalities | |
|---|---|
| High | 0 |
| Best | 0 |
| Low | 0 |
Numbers include fatalities for all dyads both active and inactive for this year
2013
Primary Parties: -
Dimension: Internal
| Estimated Fatalities | |
|---|---|
| High | 0 |
| Best | 0 |
| Low | 0 |
Numbers include fatalities for all dyads both active and inactive for this year
Conflict Archive
This section contains annual information no longer systematically collected by the UCDP.
1992 Conflict Archive
Comment on Activity: The conflict claimed its first lives in the second half of 1992.
Negotiations: YES
Comment on Negotiation: A ceasefire agreement was reached on 15 August 1992 after meetings between representatives from both parties of the conflict. However, sporadic fighting continued and gunfire could be heard from Suchumi despite the attempt to separate the forces. A second ceasefire was agreed between leaders of the Abkhaz autonomous republic and the government of Georgia later the same month. Less than 24 hours after the agreement the fighting was active again, and both parties accused one another of breaking the ceasefire.
A new attempt to a ceasefire was agreed to on 31 August after negotiations mediated by Russia on 29 August. Further negotiations between Georgia, Russian and Abkhazia on 3 September in Moscow resulted in a ceasefire effective from 5 September, the establishment of a tripartite monitoring and inspection committee and agreement that Georgian troops would remain in Abkhazia. The ceasefire came to an end on 2 October.
Talks between Russian President Yeltsin, Georgian President Shevardnadze and Abkhaz leader Ardzinba scheduled to 13 October were postponed indefinitely when no agreement could be reached on a draft document to be signed by both sides. While the Georgian delegation called for a return to military positions occupied prior to 1 October, the Abkhaz side insisted that Georgian troops should withdraw completely from their territory.
The Abkhaz leader Ardzinba proposed a federation with Georgia and talks were held in Gudauta from 9 December which resulted in that five agreements, on ending military action and a withdrawal of all heavy arms and troops from the front, were signed on 15 December. On 31 December Georgian Prime Minister Sigua met the Russian Foreign Minister Grachev in Moscow to discuss demands by the Georgian parliament for the withdrawal of Russian troops from Abkhazia. At the meeting Grachev denied any Russian troops involvement in the conflict.
Third party involvement: YES
Third party involvement names: Government of Russia, President Boris Jeltsin
Comment on Third Party Involvement: Russia has played an important role in mediating and negotiating in the conflict. Russias neutrality can however be questioned since Russian President Boris Jeltsin emphasised his support for Georgian President Shevardnazes insistence of Georgian territorial integrity and condemned the actions of the Confederation of Caucasian Mountain Peoples, which support the Abkhaz side in the conflict, in August 1992. At the same time, although officially denied, Russia has been accused of giving military support to the Abkhaz side in the conflict.
Victory: NO
Terminated: NO
1993 Conflict Archive
Negotiations: YES
Comment on Negotiation: Following a meeting on 14 May in Moscow between Georgian President Shevardnadze and Russian President Yeltsin a ceasefire came into effect on 20 May. In addition to the ceasefire, the Moscow agreement entailed the withdrawal of heavy weapons and artillery from the region and the resumption of talks involving Russian, Georgian and Abkhaz representatives.
Russian Foreign Minister Kazyrev held talks with Georgian and Abkhaz delegations in Moscow from 16-22 June. Following talks on 5-12 July and on 13-19 July a provisional ceasefire was signed by Georgian President Shevardnadze and Abkhaz separatists on 27 July in the Russian town Sochi. Russia, which brokered the deal, agreed to send troops as neutral peacekeepers. The agreement also set a timetable for the withdrawal of armed forces from the combat zone and created arrangements for UN observers to monitor the ceasefire.
On 25 August the UN Security Council approved the proposal made by the Secretary General that 88 military observers should be established through out Georgia to monitor the ceasefire. The same day President Shevardnadze issued a decree establishing a special commission to make a final settlement of the Abkhaz conflict. On 26 August the Georgian army reported that all heavy military equipment and some troops had been withdrawn on schedule from the front line. However, Abkhaz separatists broke the ceasefire and since much of the Georgian defence had been withdrawn, large parts of Abkhazia fell into the arms of the separatists.
Following two days of negotiations mediated by the UN an eight-point memorandum was signed on 1 December 1993. It was, among other things agreed on a ceasefire, further negotiations, deployment of additional international observers, drafting of proposals on Abkhazias future status by the UN and the CSCE (now OSCE), the return of refugees and exchange of all prisoners.
Third party involvement: YES
Third party involvement names: The United Nations, UNOMIG (United Nations Observer Mission in Georgia), Russia, Switzerland
Comment on Third Party Involvement: UNOMIG was a 55-strong force, deployed in August 1993 and mandated to verify compliance with a ceasefire agreement of 27 July 1993 between the Georgian government and the authorities in the breakaway Abkhazia region.
Ukraine offered to act as intermediary for efforts to resolve the conflict over Abkhazia in April 1993. It is however unclear if they actually did mediate or if this remained an offer only, and they will therefore not be considered a third party to the conflict at this point.
In June, Russia threatened Georgia and Abkhazia with tough economic sanctions if the bloodshed continued and announced session of talks in Moscow from 16 to 22 June.
Talks held in Moscow between 5 and 12 July aimed at reaching a peace agreement failed because the parties could not agree on a ceasefire. On 22 July, the parties agreed upon a ceasefire brokered by Russia after the Russian envoy, Boris Pastukhov, had been conducting shuttle diplomacy between the parties. Further talks were held in early September after the ceasefire had collapsed after seven weeks.
In November, officials from Georgia and Abkhazia met face-to-face for the first time under UN mediation in Geneva. Switzerland provided good office and Russia participated as facilitator.
Victory: NO
Terminated: YES
Type of termination: Ceasefire
Date of termination: 1993-12-01
Comment on Termination: Following two days of negotiations mediated by the UN an eight-point memorandum was signed on 1 December 1993. It was, among other things agreed on a ceasefire, further negotiations, deployment of additional international observers, drafting of proposals on Abkhazias future status by the UN and the CSCE (now OSCE), the return of refugees and exchange of all prisoners. Negotiations under the auspices of the UN continued during 1994, when the conflict, despite a few minor setbacks, did not reach the 25 battle-related deaths threshold to be categorised an active conflict.
1994 Conflict Archive
Comment on Third Party Involvement: Russia acted as a mediator in a number of the negotiations held between Abkhaz separatist officials and Georgian officials. Russia also deployed 2500 peacekeeping forces along the area separating Abkhazia from Georgia during the year. The UN had observers in Georgia, the team was expanded in 1994, and negotiations were held under the auspices of the UN. CIS supervised the Russian peacekeeping troops, among other things. CSCE participated in the negotiations.
Victory: NO
Terminated: NO
1995 Conflict Archive
Terminated: NO
1996 Conflict Archive
Terminated: NO
1997 Conflict Archive
Terminated: NO
1998 Conflict Archive
Terminated: NO
1999 Conflict Archive
Terminated: NO
2000 Conflict Archive
Terminated: NO
2001 Conflict Archive
Terminated: NO
2002 Conflict Archive
Terminated: NO
2003 Conflict Archive
Terminated: NO
2004 Conflict Archive
Terminated: NO
2005 Conflict Archive
Terminated: NO
2006 Conflict Archive
Comment on Third Party Involvement: ON 13 October 2006 was the mandate of the United Nations Mission in Georgia was extended until 15 April 2007 by Security Council resolution 1716.
The OSCE mission in Georgia continued througout 2006.
Victory: NO
Terminated: NO
2007 Conflict Archive
Comment on Third Party Involvement: A CIS peacekeeping force is deployed in the conflict region, consisting only of Russian forces. However, Russia is not regarded as unpartial by the Georgian government as the Russian government allegedly has supported Abkhazia with weapons. The detention of Georgian policemen by CIS forces on 30 October 2007 was regarded as provocation.
The United Nations are involved both with the promotion of negotiations, reconstruction and security matters mainly through UNOMIG, the United Nations Observer Mission to Georgia, which monitors and verifies the ceasefire, observes the CIS peacekeeping force and works for the safe return of refugees.
Victory: NO
Terminated: NO
2008 Conflict Archive
Comment on Third Party Involvement: The United Nations were involved both with the promotion of negotiations, reconstruction and security matters mainly through UNOMIG, the United Nations Observer Mission to Georgia. In 2008, UNOMIG had 150 unarmed observers in the country that monitored and verified the ceasefire. UNOMIG had also monitored the activities of the CIS peacekeepers until the termination of the mission on 9 October.
The French president Nicholas Sarkozy mediated on behalf of the European Union (EU) the peace plan signed by Russia, Georgia, South Ossetia and Abkhazia. The EU continued to discuss the situation with both Russia, the secondary warring party, and Georgia. It then co-chaired with the UN and the OSCE three rounds of negotiations on security related issues in late 2008. The European Union also deployed a 225-soldier mission to monitor the ceasefire in the de-facto border zone of Abkhazia and South Ossetia. The missions main tasks included monitoring and analysing the situation pertaining to the stabilisation process, normalisation building, the return of internally displaced persons and refugees, contributing to the reduction of tensions through liaison, facilitation of contacts between parties and other confidence-building measures.
The German foreign minister Frank Walter Steinmeier presented a peace plan to Abkhazia and Georgia in July 2008. The plan stipulated a solution to the conflict in three phases. In phase one, the plan envisaged the sides to make security agreements, in particular to guarantee the non-use of force and to agree on modalities for the return of refugees and internal displaced persons. For phase two, the proposal stipulated confidence-building measures and economic rehabilitation and for phase three a discussion on the political status of Abkhazia.
Germany chaired the so-called UN Group of Friends of the Secretary General, which was mandated to seek a peace deal. Its other members were Britain, France, the US and Russia. The group was divided between the western members and Russia when the latter started to openly support Abkhazia and South Ossetia in 2008.
Victory: NO
Terminated: NO
2009 Conflict Archive
Comment on Third Party Involvement: A United Nations observer mission continued to observe the ceasefire between Georgia and Abkhazia until June 2009. In February the UN Security Council Russia, initially, had voted for a resolution prolonging of the mandate of the mission for four months. As the Abkhazian side objected the previous name of the mission, United Nations Observer Mission in Georgia, it was simply referred to as “United Nations mission”. However, Russia blocked a further extension of the mission that thus was terminated in June 2009.
Under the joint auspices of the United Nations, European Union and the Organisation for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE) talks over humanitarian issues and security issues continued throughout the year in Geneva.
Victory: NO
Terminated: NO
2010 Conflict Archive
Comment on Third Party Involvement: The European Union both mediated in the conflict and deployed ceasefire monitors, the European Union Monitoring Mission in Georgia (EUMM). On 26 July the EU extended mandate of the monitoring mission in the country until Sept 2011.
The UN and OSCE both were active as mediators co-chairing together with the EU the Geneva talks.
Victory: NO
Terminated: NO
2011 Conflict Archive
Comment on Third Party Involvement: Like in previous years, talks several rounds of talks took place in Geneva. The negotiations were moderated by the EU, UN and the OSCE.
The EU maintained a monitoring mission (EUMM) stationed in Georgia that was however denied access to the break-away regions. The EUMM consisted of 200 civilian monitors. The mandate oft he mission is to prevent the renewal of an armed conflict, as well as to help make the areas adjacent to the Administrative Boundary Lines of the breakaway regions of Abkhazia and South Ossetia safe and secure for the local residents.
Victory: NO
Terminated: NO
2012 Conflict Archive
Terminated: NO
2013 Conflict Archive
Terminated: NO
