General information
First Active Year: 2011
Current Name: CNPSC
Current Name full English: National Coalition of the People for the Sovereignty of the Congo
Current Name full native language: Coalition nationale du peuple pour la souveraineté du Congo
Original Name: Mayi Mayi Réformé
Original Name full English: Reformed Mayi Mayi
Original Name full native language: Maï Maï Réformé
Actor Chronology
This section contains information about (if applicable) group splinters, name changes, and alliances according to the UCDP definitions of these concepts.
Name Change: From Mayi Mayi Réformé to PARC-FAAL
On: 2011-01-01
Name Change: From PARC-FAAL to CNPSC
On: 2017-07-01
Conflict issues
Government of DR Congo (Zaire) - CNPSC
Conflict Goal Issues: Coalition nationale du peuple pour la souveraineté du Congo, National Coalition of the People for the Sovereignty of the Congo, (CNPSC), originally known as Maï Maï Réformé and later renamed PARC-FAAL, was a Bembe rebel group in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DR Congo). The group originally emerged to protect the Bembe ethnic group from Tutsi militants, but later changed its scope to fight for the ousting of the Congolese President Joseph Kabila. Whilst the group was established in 2007, its first conflict goal issue was stated in 2009, when the group called for recognition as a political party aiming to reconstruct and reconcile DR Congo. This issue was reemphasized in 2010 and was joined with calls for potential integration of CNPSC, then Maï Maï Réformé, into the armed forces.
As the conflict against the government of DR Congo emerged, the group reemphasized its willingness to be integrated into the Congolese army. CNPSC, then PARC-FAAL, also continuously called for recognition as a legitimate political party. Towards the end of the coded conflict, the group also began calling for a restructuring of the military forces to incorporate the forces of CNPSC and to purge the Congolese army of its senior officers, claiming that these were Rwandan. The group also called for the establishment of democracy in DR Congo and for elections to be held, for economic reform and labor rights reform, and for the ousting of President Kabila and his cabinet.
The main conflict goal issues of CNPSC were the integration of its armed forces into the Congolese military and for the group to be recognized as a political party. These issues were continuously stated for a large part of the conflict and heavily emphasized, particularly in the beginning of conflict.
Conflict Dynamics Issues: Whilst no issues were interpreted in the first few years of CNPSC’s existence, several conflict dynamics issues were raised as the conflict emerged. In the beginning of the conflict, the group stated its mission and actions were to defend local ethnic groups, particularly the Bembe people, from ethnic violence from both government and foreign forces, mainly Tutsi militias. Throughout the conflict, the group also called for the removal of foreign influence, frequently stating that the Congolese executive government and military command was being controlled by the government of Rwanda. On singular instances, the group also called for the release of political prisoners and supporters of the movement, and for the withdrawal of UN peacekeeping forces in DR Congo with claims of them supporting the government.
The main conflict dynamics issue expressed by CNPSC was the removal of Rwandan influence. This issue was continuously stated with heavy emphasis throughout the conflict and became a foundational issue for the group’s existence.
Conflict Resolution Issues: In 2010, CNPSC called upon the government of DR Congo to adhere to peace accords that were signed with the group earlier in the year. In 2014, the group also called for a general amnesty for members of the group and stated his commitment to disarmament, demobilization, and reintegration processes which had been agreed upon with the government.
Type of conflict issues: The coded conflict issues for this group are: Conflict Goal Issues: Corruption, CPS: Democracy, Economic reforms, Hold elections, Labor rights, Oust head of the executive, Recognition as a political party, Restructure military forces, Revenues from natural resources, Security sector power-sharing
Conflict Dynamics Issues: Collective targeting: ethnic, DFI: Removal of foreign influence, DFI: Withdrawal of military intervention/foreign forces, Release of prisoners
Conflict Resolution Issues: Amnesties, DDR issues, Peace agreement implementation
Annual information
This section contains annual information systematically collected by the UCDP.
2011
Actor Active in Dyad(s):
Government of DR Congo (Zaire) - CNPSC
2012
Actor Active in Dyad(s):
Government of DR Congo (Zaire) - CNPSC
2014
Actor Active in Dyad(s):
Government of DR Congo (Zaire) - CNPSC
2017
Actor Active in Dyad(s):
Government of DR Congo (Zaire) - CNPSC
2018
Actor Active in Dyad(s):
Government of DR Congo (Zaire) - CNPSC
2019
Actor Active in Dyad(s):
CNPSC - Civilians
Government of DR Congo (Zaire) - CNPSC
2020
Actor Active in Dyad(s):
CNPSC - Civilians
CNPSC - Twiganeho
CNPSC - Ngumino, Twiganeho
CNPSC - Ngumino
Government of DR Congo (Zaire) - CNPSC
AFP-Gutabara - CNPSC
AFP-Gutabara, Ngumino, Twiganeho - CNPSC
2021
Actor Active in Dyad(s):
Government of DR Congo (Zaire) - CNPSC
2022
Actor Active in Dyad(s):
Government of DR Congo (Zaire) - CNPSC
Group Archive
This section contains annual information no longer systematically collected by the UCDP.
2011 Group Archive
Government of DR Congo (Zaire) - CNPSC
Comment on Name: William Amuri Yakutumba’s movement, the Parti pour l’action et la reconstruction du Congo-Forces armées alléluia (PARC-FAAL, Party for Action and the Reconstruction of the Congo-Allelujah Armed Forces)
Troop Size: 500
Secondary Support: FNL supported PARC-FAAL with weapons, 12,7mm 14,5 mm machine guns and 80-120 soldiers military training, strategic advice and limited operational support.
2012 Group Archive
Government of DR Congo (Zaire) - CNPSC
Comment on Name: William Amuri Yakutumba’s movement, the Parti pour l’action et la reconstruction du Congo-Forces armées alléluia (PARC-FAAL, Party for Action and the Reconstruction of the Congo-Allelujah Armed Forces)
Troop Size: 500
Secondary Support: FNL
2014 Group Archive
Government of DR Congo (Zaire) - CNPSC
Comment on Name: William Amuri Yakutumba’s movement, the Parti pour l’action et la reconstruction du Congo-Forces armées alléluia (PARC-FAAL, Party for Action and the Reconstruction of the Congo-Allelujah Armed Forces)
Troop Size: 300
Secondary Support: Agathon Rwasa, the leader of FNL, assigned some of his soldiers to serve with Yakutumba
2019 Group Archive
Government of DR Congo (Zaire) - CNPSC
Secondary Support: CNPSC was supported by the Burundian group FNL-Ubugabo burihabwa.
2020 Group Archive
Government of DR Congo (Zaire) - CNPSC
Troop Size: >400
Comment on Troop Size: The Mayi Mayi Yakutumba part of CNPSC consisted of between 400 and 600 armed combatants.
2021 Group Archive
Government of DR Congo (Zaire) - CNPSC
Troop Size: >400
Comment on Troop Size: The Mayi Mayi Yakutumba part of CNPSC consisted of between 400 and 600 armed combatants.
