General information
First Active Year: 1975
Current Name: KR
Current Name full English: Red Khmers
Current Name full native language: Khmer Rouge
Original Name: KR
Original Name full English: Red Khmers
Original Name full native language: Khmer Rouge
Actor Chronology
This section contains information about (if applicable) group splinters, name changes, and alliances according to the UCDP definitions of these concepts.
Name Change: From KR to FUNK
On: 1970-01-01
Name Change: From FUNK to KR
On: 1975-04-17
Conflict issues
Annual information
This section contains annual information systematically collected by the UCDP.
1975
Actor Active in Dyad(s):
Government of Cambodia (Kampuchea) - KR
1979
Actor Active in Dyad(s):
Government of Cambodia (Kampuchea) - KR
1980
Actor Active in Dyad(s):
Government of Cambodia (Kampuchea) - KR
1981
Actor Active in Dyad(s):
Government of Cambodia (Kampuchea) - KR
1982
Actor Active in Dyad(s):
Government of Cambodia (Kampuchea) - KR
1983
Actor Active in Dyad(s):
Government of Cambodia (Kampuchea) - KR
1984
Actor Active in Dyad(s):
Government of Cambodia (Kampuchea) - KR
1985
Actor Active in Dyad(s):
Government of Cambodia (Kampuchea) - KR
1986
Actor Active in Dyad(s):
Government of Cambodia (Kampuchea) - KR
1987
Actor Active in Dyad(s):
Government of Cambodia (Kampuchea) - KR
1988
Actor Active in Dyad(s):
Government of Cambodia (Kampuchea) - KR
1989
Actor Active in Dyad(s):
Government of Cambodia (Kampuchea) - KR
1990
Actor Active in Dyad(s):
KR - Civilians
Government of Cambodia (Kampuchea) - KR
1991
Actor Active in Dyad(s):
KR - Civilians
Government of Cambodia (Kampuchea) - KR
1992
Actor Active in Dyad(s):
KR - Civilians
Government of Cambodia (Kampuchea) - KR
1993
Actor Active in Dyad(s):
KR - Civilians
Government of Cambodia (Kampuchea) - KR
1994
Actor Active in Dyad(s):
KR - Civilians
Government of Cambodia (Kampuchea) - KR
1995
Actor Active in Dyad(s):
KR - Civilians
Government of Cambodia (Kampuchea) - KR
1996
Actor Active in Dyad(s):
KR - Civilians
Government of Cambodia (Kampuchea) - KR
1997
Actor Active in Dyad(s):
Government of Cambodia (Kampuchea) - KR
1998
Actor Active in Dyad(s):
KR - Civilians
Government of Cambodia (Kampuchea) - KR
Group Archive
This section contains annual information no longer systematically collected by the UCDP.
1975 Group Archive
Government of Cambodia (Kampuchea) - KR
Comment on Name: Khmer Rouge (Red Khmer). Member of the alliance FUNK (Front Uni National du Kampuchéa).
1979 Group Archive
Government of Cambodia (Kampuchea) - KR
Comment on Name: Khmer Rouge
Comment on Active: In an attempt to improve the reputation of the Khmer Rouge, Pol Pot was replaced as the leader of the group by a close associate of him, Khieu Samphan. Pol Pot did, however, retain the control of the Khmer Rouge armed section.
Prince Sihanouk agreed to present the ousted Pol Pot regime’s case to the UN Security Council in January 1979, however, after this presentation; he decided to distance himself from the Khmer Rouge and the Pol Pot regime. He subsequently moved back into his residence in China, where he had lived during the Lon Nol years. Later in 1979, he directed sharp criticism towards Vietnam and the Soviet Union. He stated that Vietnam had chosen to ignore all of his proposals for a negotiated settlement of the conflict.
Troop Size: 30 000
Comment on Troop Size: The Khmer Rouge’s armed section reportedly consisted of 25 000 guerrilla soldiers.
Secondary Support: China was the Khmer Rouges strongest ally and sent several shipments of weapons and other arms supplies. China also argued for their case in the UN. There were no reports about Thailand supporting the Khmer Rouge directly with goods. China supplied the Khmer Rouge with money, through an account opened at the Chinese embassy in Bangkok. Upto 50 million US$ were available yearly, in installments of upto 8 million.
1980 Group Archive
Government of Cambodia (Kampuchea) - KR
Comment on Name: Khmer Rouge
Comment on Active: In August 1980 the National Liberation Movement of Kampuchea (MOULINAKA) agreed to cooperate with the KPNLF, following the death of their leader, Kong Sileah. MOULINAKA was formed in August 1979. The KPNLF announced soon afterwards that they would not cooperate with the Khmer Rouge. On 28 November 1980 the Khmer Rouge, however, launched a joint military operation together with the MOULINAKA.
Troop Size: 20 000 – 35 000
Comment on Troop Size: The Khmer Rouge was estimated to have between 20 000 and 35 000 soldiers. About 15 000 of those were operating in the western provinces. The remaining troops were spread out over the country in smaller units.
Secondary Support: China supplied the Khmer Rouge with arms, medicine and food. China also continued to support the group in the UN. Thailand supported the Khmer Rouge with logistics in terms of transporting some of the Chinese aid to the group as well as allowing them to operate inside Thailand. The Khmer Rouge frequently withdrew into Thailand when threatened by the Vietnamese troops. Thailand also supported the Khmer Rouge in the UN debate on whether the group should continue to hold the Kampuchean chair in the UN General Assembly.
1981 Group Archive
Government of Cambodia (Kampuchea) - KR
Comment on Name: Khmer Rouge
Troop Size: 27 500
Comment on Troop Size: The Khmer Rouge was estimated to consist of about 25 000 – 30 000 guerrilla troops.
Secondary Support: China continued to send military equipment to the Khmer Rouge and also continued to support the group in the UN.The Thai military continued to allow the Khmer Rouge to withdraw into Thailand when under pressure from the Vietnamese troops. China supplied the Khmer Rouge with money, through an account opened at the Chinese embassy in Bangkok. Upto 50 million US$ were available yearly, in installments of upto 8 million.
1982 Group Archive
Government of Cambodia (Kampuchea) - KR
Comment on Name: Khmer Rouge
Comment on Active: On 22 June 1982 the Khmer Rouge, the KPNLF and Prince Sihanouk (FUNCINPEC) agreed to form the Coalition Government of Democratic Kampuchea (CGDK). The coalition was officially proclaimed on 7 July. Prince Sihanouk was named president, Khieu Samphan (Khmer Rouge) vice president in charge of foreign affairs and Son Sann (KPNLF) prime minister. The aim of the CGDK was to cooperate and conduct a joint struggle to oust the government and the Vietnamese troops. The CGDK was later recognized by the UN General Assembly. The agreement stated that each party should maintain organisational and political autonomy, but the military efforts were going to be coordinated.
Troop Size: 25 000 – 30 000
Comment on Troop Size: The Khmer Rouge was estimated to consist of about 25 000 – 30 000 guerrilla troops.
Secondary Support: China continued to support the Khmer Rouge with weapons and possibly also ammunition. China supplied the Khmer Rouge with money, through an account opened at the Chinese embassy in Bangkok. Upto 50 million US$ were available yearly, in installments of upto 8 million.
1983 Group Archive
Government of Cambodia (Kampuchea) - KR
Comment on Name: Khmer Rouge
Troop Size: 20 000 – 40 000
Comment on Troop Size: The Khmer Rouge was estimated to consist of between 20 000 – 40 000 guerrilla troops.
Secondary Support: All three of the CGDK members received weapons from China, but the Khmer Rouge were the ones who received the most sophisticated weapons. The CGDK members were allowed by Thailand to cross the border freely and to some extent operate within Thailand.Despite strained relations between the members of the CGDK, military cooperation reportedly took place. China supplied the Khmer Rouge with money, through an account opened at the Chinese embassy in Bangkok. Upto 50 million US$ were available yearly, in installments of upto 8 million. Thailand continued to support the Khmer Rouge by allowing them to set bases, to exert influence and continue recruitment within refugee camps in Thailand.
1984 Group Archive
Government of Cambodia (Kampuchea) - KR
Comment on Name: Khmer Rouge
Comment on Active: Although the CGDK members continued to work together, there were several incidents that tested the strength of the coalition. The Khmer Rouge was reported to have attacked KPNLF and FUNCINPEC troops during the summer of 1984 and on 14 July Prince Sihanouk threatened to resign as president of the coalition following an incident were a group of Khmer Rouge soldiers had killed eight soldiers belonging to the FUNCINPEC. The latter incident was later resolved and referred to as a misunderstanding.
Troop Size: 30 000
Comment on Troop Size: The Khmer Rouge was estimated to consist of between 30 000 – 40 000 troops.
Secondary Support: China supported the Khmer Rouge with a considerable amount of weapons during 1984. Thailand allowed the CGDK troops to cross the border into Thailand and to hold bases within Thai territory.Despite strained relations between the members of the CGDK, military cooperation reportedly took place.
1985 Group Archive
Government of Cambodia (Kampuchea) - KR
Comment on Name: Khmer Rouge
Comment on Active: Besides the setbacks during the dry-season offensive, the CGDK faced several internal problems. Prince Sihanouk claimed he wanted to resign as president of the CGDK due to health reasons, however, it was argued that the reason was the lack of support from the Khmer Rouge to the FUNCINPEC during the dry-season offensive. Furthermore, the FUNCINPEC claimed that the Khmer Rouge had killed 38 of their soldiers in various attacks. By the end of the year, Prince Sihanouk was still president of the CGDK.
The Khmer Rouge claimed on 1 September 1985 that Pol Pot had retired as head of the armed forces and instead had become the director of the group’s higher institute for national defence. Mr Son Sen, a former minister in the Khmer Rouge government, became the new leader of the group’s armed forces. The retirement of Pol Pot was welcomed by China, Thailand and Malaysia. Vietnam, as well as Prince Sihanouk, argued that the change in leadership was merely a trick which brought no real changes.
Troop Size: 32 500
Comment on Troop Size: The Khmer Rouge was estimated to consist of between 30 000 – 35 000 troops.
Secondary Support: China supported all three members of the CGDK with weapons such as mortars, rocket-propelled grenades, machine-guns and antitank weapons, although the Khmer Rouge reportedly received more advanced weapons than the other two groups. Thailand played an important role in the dry-season offensive by letting all of the three members of CGDK to cross the Thai border freely and to hide from the Vietnamese troops on Thai territory.For the first time since the onset of the conflict, the ASEAN members appealed to other countries to provide military, political and humanitarian support to the CGDK. China supplied the Khmer Rouge with money, through an account opened at the Chinese embassy in Bangkok. Upto 50 million US$ were available yearly, in installments of upto 8 million.
1986 Group Archive
Government of Cambodia (Kampuchea) - KR
Comment on Name: Khmer Rouge
Comment on Active: Despite disputes between the CGDK member groups, several joint military operations were conducted.
Troop Size: 30 000
Comment on Troop Size: The Khmer Rouge was estimated to consist of 35 000 armed guerrilla troops.
Secondary Support: China continued to direct the larger part of its support (consisting of weapons) for the CGDK to the Khmer Rouge. Thailand continued to allow the CGDK member groups to use Thai territory for bases and for escaping the Vietnamese troops. Despite disputes between the CGDK member groups, several joint military operations were conducted.
1987 Group Archive
Government of Cambodia (Kampuchea) - KR
Comment on Name: Khmer Rouge
Comment on Active: In May 1987 Prince Sihanouk announced that he would leave the post as president of the CGDK for a year, reportedly due to attacks by the Khmer Rouge on supporters of the FUNCINPEC as well as on troops belonging to FUNCINPEC’s armed section ANS.
Troop Size: 40 000 – 45 000
Comment on Troop Size: The Khmer Rouge was estimated to consist of around 40 000 – 45 000 armed troops.
Secondary Support: China continued to support the Khmer Rouge with weapons and other military supplies. There were no reports about amounts or types of weapons. Thailand continued to support the CGDK by allowing the groups to operate on Thai territory. China supplied the Khmer Rouge with money, through an account opened at the Chinese embassy in Bangkok. Upto 50 million US$ were available yearly, in installments of upto 8 million.
1988 Group Archive
Government of Cambodia (Kampuchea) - KR
Comment on Name: Khmer Rouge
Comment on Active: On 30 January 1988 Prince Sihanouk announced that had resigned as president of the CGDK. The reason was believed to be the hostility between him and the KPNLF leader, Mr Son Sann, as well as the continued attacks by the Khmer Rouge on FUNCINPEC’s supporters and troops. Prince Sihanouk further announced that his son, Prince Norodom Ranariddh, would represent him and the FUNCINPEC in the CGDK and in further peace talks.
In December the Khmer Rouge leader, Khieu Samphan, announced that he wanted to unify the CGDK member groups and that he would support Prince Sihanouk’s peace initiatives. He also claimed that he and the Prince had agreed to cease all attacks on each others troops.
In connection to the meeting in December with Prince Sihanouk, Khieu Samphan calimed that Pol Pot had stepped back from the leadership of the Khmer Rouge. The former leader was still in Kampuchea but did not have regular contact with the group’s leadership, according to Khieu Samphan.
Troop Size: 20 000 – 40 000
Comment on Troop Size: The Khmer Rouge was estimated to consist of about 20 000 – 40 000 troops, with 30 000 and 35 000 as the most cited estimates.
Secondary Support: China pledge its support to all three of the CGDK member groups and claimed that it supported the groups with weapons. Several reports indicated that the CGDK continued to operate on Thai territory and that Chinas support was channelled through Thailand. There were also reports that the groups were active in the refugee camps located in Thailand close to the border. China supplied the Khmer Rouge with money, through an account opened at the Chinese embassy in Bangkok. Upto 50 million US$ were available yearly, in installments of upto 8 million.
1989 Group Archive
Government of Cambodia (Kampuchea) - KR
Comment on Name: Khmer Rouge (Red Khmer). Member of the anti-government umbrella organisation CGDK (Coalition Government of Democratic Kampuchea), and part of the united KPLNLAF (Khmer Peoples National Liberation Armed Forces.)
Comment on Active: Reports suggested that KR forces had clashed with forces of the KPNLF.
Troop Size: 20 000 - 40 000
Comment on Troop Size: Estimates according to different analysts. Military Balance estimate the KR to consist of around 30 000 troops with 15 000 reserves.
Secondary Support: Khmer Rouge had several bases on Thai territory. China supplied the Khmer Rouge with money, through an account opened at the Chinese embassy in Bangkok. Upto 50 million US$ were available yearly, in installments of upto 8 million.
1990 Group Archive
KR - Civilians
Comment on Name: Khmer Rouge (Red Khmer). Member of the anti-government umbrella organisation CGDK (Coalition Government of Democratic Kampuchea), and part of the united KPLNLAF (Khmer Peoples National Liberation Armed Forces.)
In February, the chairman of CGDK, Sihanouk, announced that the CGDK should henceforth be referred to as the National Government of Cambodia and he became the President of Cambodia. The Khmer Rouge flag and anthem was replaced by the pre-1970 ones.
Government of Cambodia (Kampuchea) - KR
Comment on Name: Khmer Rouge (Red Khmer). Member of the anti-government umbrella organisation CGDK (Coalition Government of Democratic Kampuchea), and part of the united KPLNLAF (Khmer Peoples National Liberation Armed Forces.)
In February, the chairman of CGDK, Sihanouk, announced that the CGDK should henceforth be referred to as the National Government of Cambodia and he became the President of Cambodia. The Khmer Rouge flag and anthem was replaced by the pre-1970 ones.
Comment on Active: In July, the US government announced that it would no longer support the guerrilla coalition Democratic Kampuchea, to hold Cambodias UN seat.
Troop Size: 30 000
Comment on Troop Size: In 1990 the Khmer Rouge had around 30 000 active troops and 15 000 reserves.
Secondary Support: China supplied the Khmer Rouge with weapons (including heavy weaponry such as 29 T-54 tanks), and logistics support (trucks to transport supplies, bulldozers to construct military roads). China supplied the Khmer Rouge with money, through an account opened at the Chinese embassy in Bangkok. Upto 50 million US$ were available yearly, in installments of upto 8 million.
1991 Group Archive
KR - Civilians
Comment on Name: Khmer Rouge (Red Khmer). Member of the anti-government umbrella organisation CGDK (Coalition Government of Democratic Kampuchea), and part of the united KPLNLAF (Khmer Peoples National Liberation Armed Forces.)
Member of the SNC (Supreme National Council) through the delegates Khieu Samphan and Son Sen.
Government of Cambodia (Kampuchea) - KR
Comment on Name: Khmer Rouge (Red Khmer). Member of the anti-government umbrella organisation CGDK (Coalition Government of Democratic Kampuchea), and part of the united KPLNLAF (Khmer Peoples National Liberation Armed Forces.)
Member of the SNC (Supreme National Council) through the delegates Khieu Samphan and Son Sen.
Comment on Active: In April, the KR leader Khieu Samphan declared that the group had renounced communism and now were supporters of capitalism and Buddhism.
When the Khmer Rouge members of the SNC - Khieu Samphan and Son Sen - arrived in Phnom Penh in November, they were attacked by an angry mob and had to flee to the airport. KR officials suggested that a "Vatican-like" inner city should be built and guarded by UN troops to ensure security for the SNC. The suggestion was dismissed, and the Khmer Rouge delegation returned in December.
Troop Size: 30 000 - 45 000
Comment on Troop Size: In 1991 the Khmer Rouge had 30 000 troops in their active army and another 15 000 reserves.
Secondary Support: It was reported that in the clashes early in the year, the Khmer Rouge had used China-supplied tanks.After the Paris Agreement of 1991, China stopped all assistance to the Khmer Rouge.
1992 Group Archive
KR - Civilians
Comment on Name: Khmer Rouge (Red Khmer). Member of the SNC (Supreme National Council) through the delegates Khieu Samphan and Son Sen.
On 29 November, the KR announced that they would participate in the upcoming elections under the name CNUP (Cambodian National Union Party).
Government of Cambodia (Kampuchea) - KR
Comment on Name: Khmer Rouge (Red Khmer). Member of the SNC (Supreme National Council) through the delegates Khieu Samphan and Son Sen.
On 29 November, the KR announced that they would participate in the upcoming elections under the name CNUP (Cambodian National Union Party).
Troop Size: 35 000
Secondary Support: After the Paris Agreement of 1991, China stopped all assistance to the Khmer Rouge. Thai logging companies, with significant connections to the Thai Military were issued concessions in the Khmer Rouge controlled areas of Cambodia throughout 1992. The connection of logging companies with oficial policy by the Government of Thailand is, however, unclear
1993 Group Archive
KR - Civilians
Comment on Name: Khmer Rouge (Red Khmer).
Government of Cambodia (Kampuchea) - KR
Comment on Name: Khmer Rouge (Red Khmer).
Troop Size: 15 000
Comment on Troop Size: According to estimates, 15 000 KR troops were controlling 15-20% of the Cambodian territory.
Secondary Support: Thailand refused US requests for overflight rights for reconaissance missions directed against Khmer Rouge forces. Thailand also pushed for the inclusion of the KR in any political formula that would result in a government. Thailand timber companies linked with elements of the Thai Government continued to operate in Khmer Rouge controlled areas and support the KR effort until 1997, when the Thai Prime Minister banned such efforts. However, these linkages were not occuring at the official level, so they are not counted as secondary support.
1994 Group Archive
KR - Civilians
Comment on Name: Khmer Rouge (Red Khmer.)
Government of Cambodia (Kampuchea) - KR
Comment on Name: Khmer Rouge (Red Khmer.)
Troop Size: 9000
Comment on Troop Size: The KR consisted of about 9000 men in 1994.
Secondary Support: Military observers on the Thai-Cambodian border witnessed that Thai military personnel supplied arms to the Khmer Rouge, a violation of the arms embargo in place. It was not clear whether the activities were sanctioned from the Thai military authorities or if it was a low-level initiative. After the incidents had been discussed in the UN Security Council, unofficial political pressure was directed towards the Thai government to stop the supplies. Thailand timber companies linked with elements of the Thai Government continued to operate in Khmer Rouge controlled areas and support the KR effort until 1997, when the Thai Prime Minister banned such efforts. However, these linkages were not occuring at the official level, so they are not counted as secondary support.
1995 Group Archive
KR - Civilians
Comment on Name: Khmer Rouge (Red Khmer.)
Government of Cambodia (Kampuchea) - KR
Comment on Name: Khmer Rouge (Red Khmer.)
Comment on Active: As the year started, KR continued to attack and intimidate civilians.
Troop Size: 5000 - 10 000
Comment on Troop Size: During a six-month amnesty campaign ending on 15 January, several thousand KR troops defected. In late January, it was reported that nearly 7000 KR guerrillas had laid down arms in the previous year. It was suggested that most of these had been porters or involved in logistics. Most estimates then concluded that the remains of the KR consisted of between 5000 - 10 000 troops.
Secondary Support: Thailand timber companies linked with elements of the Thai Government continued to operate in Khmer Rouge controlled areas and support the KR effort until 1997, when the Thai Prime Minister banned such efforts. However, these linkages were not occuring at the official level, so they are not counted as secondary support.
1996 Group Archive
KR - Civilians
Comment on Name: Khmer Rouge (Red Khmer.)
Government of Cambodia (Kampuchea) - KR
Comment on Name: Khmer Rouge (Red Khmer.)
Comment on Active: In June it was reported that the former Khmer Rouge leader Pol Pot had died of malaria. These reports were dismissed by the KR as well as CPP Prime Minister Hen Sen.
In August Ieng Sary, the former number two of Khmer Rouge, defected with his troops, some 3000 - 4000 men. After some political manoeuvring, the king signed a royal degree granting amnesty to the breakaway leaders. Sary was also allowed to remain in control of his stronghold in Pailin. This sparked an intense competition between the two ruling coalition parties about influence over the defectors.
It was later reported that towards the end of the year, FUNCINPEC were negotiating with the Khmer Rouge of reforming an anti-CPP political alliance for the scheduled 1998 elections.
Troop Size: 3000 - 10 000
Comment on Troop Size: In August Ieng Sary, the former number two of Khmer Rouge, defected with his troops, some 3000 - 4000 men. Throughout the year, reports of defections were continuing as both the CPP and the FUNCINPEC tried to negotiate support for their respective unofficial armies. Estimates for the party vary between 3000 and 10 000
Secondary Support: Thailand timber companies linked with elements of the Thai Government continued to operate in Khmer Rouge controlled areas and support the KR effort until 1997, when the Thai Prime Minister banned such efforts. However, these linkages were not occuring at the official level, so they are not counted as secondary support.
1997 Group Archive
Government of Cambodia (Kampuchea) - KR
Comment on Name: Khmer Rouge (Red Khmer.)
Comment on Active: There seemed to be a split within the Khmer Rouge, where Ieng Sary (who defected in 1996) and his supporters were increasingly supporting the CPP, while another faction led by Khieu Samphan and Ta Mok were involved in negotiations about joining the FUNCINPEC.
In June, negotiations between FUNCINPEC/Khmer Rouge became more intense and in early July a written or oral agreement was made between Khieu Samphan and Prince Ranariddh establishing a renewed alliance between the two groups in opposition to CPP.
The former Khmer Rouge leader Pol Pot were alleged to have killed the KR military commander Son Sen. On 25 July Pol Pot were tried by the KR for the incident, and sentenced to house arrest for life.
In the second half of the year, remaining KR troops claimed to be fighting for the ousted former FUNCINPEC leader Prince Ranariddh, as he was described as being the true ruler of Cambodia.
Troop Size: 3500
Comment on Troop Size: The KR consisted of about 3500 men in 1997.
Secondary Support: Thailand timber companies linked with elements of the Thai Government continued to operate in Khmer Rouge controlled areas and support the KR effort until 1997, when the Thai Prime Minister banned such efforts. However, these linkages were not occuring at the official level, so they are not counted as secondary support.
1998 Group Archive
KR - Civilians
Comment on Name: Khmer Rouge (Red Khmer.)
Government of Cambodia (Kampuchea) - KR
Comment on Name: Khmer Rouge (Red Khmer.)
Comment on Active: In March, it was reported that 1500 Khmer Rouge troops rebelled against the leadership and forced them to flee into Thailand. It was claimed that a group of hardliners under Ta Mok were fighting a faction that wanted to end the struggle. One of the leaders of the latter group was the general Ke Pauk.
On 15 April, the former leader of Khmer Rouge, Pol Pot died of a heart condition. Other sources later claimed that he committed suicide, as he was worried he would be extradited to the US and tried for war crimes.
Defections from the group continued throughout the year.
In December, the nominal leader Khieu Samphan and the political chief Nuon Chea surrendered to the Cambodian government, declaring that they wanted to live like "ordinary citizens." It was estimated that the KR consisted of about 100 troops led by general Ta Mok at the end of the year.
Troop Size: 100 - 4000
Comment on Troop Size: Estimates in the beginning of the year claimed that Khmer Rouge consisted of around 4000 troops. Due to splits, and defections it was reported that in December only about 100 troops remained.
