General information
Type of Incompatibility: Territory
Comment on Type of Incompatibility: The incompatibility was over the territory inhabited by ethnic Mon, mainly in south-eastern Myanmar (Burma) between the Andaman Sea and the border with Thailand. Originally, the Mon insurgents called for language, cultural, and self-governing rights, but this was radicalized in the mid-1950s when references were made to the creation of an independent state of Monland.
Territory: Mon
Date of first stated goal of incompatibility: 1958-07-20
Date of first use of armed force: 1958-01-01
Comment on first use of armed force: It is difficult to identify when NMSP first used armed force, since the organization started as a very small group that was dependent on support from the CPB (Communist Party of Burma), and to some extent, also the KNU (Karen National Union). Fighting was common throughout Burma in 1958 especially after the U Nu government resigned and a caretaker military administration was installed for 18 months after 26 September 1958.
Date of first battle related death: 1948-12-01
Date of conflict reached 25 battle releated deaths: 1949-02-28
Annual information
This section contains annual information systematically collected by the UCDP.
1990
Primary Parties: Government of Myanmar (Burma) - NMSP
Dimension: Internal
| Estimated Fatalities | |
|---|---|
| High | 112 |
| Best | 112 |
| Low | 112 |
Numbers include fatalities for all dyads both active and inactive for this year
1992
Primary Parties: -
Dimension: Internal
| Estimated Fatalities | |
|---|---|
| High | 0 |
| Best | 0 |
| Low | 0 |
Numbers include fatalities for all dyads both active and inactive for this year
1993
Primary Parties: -
Dimension: Internal
| Estimated Fatalities | |
|---|---|
| High | 0 |
| Best | 0 |
| Low | 0 |
Numbers include fatalities for all dyads both active and inactive for this year
1994
Primary Parties: -
Dimension: Internal
| Estimated Fatalities | |
|---|---|
| High | 15 |
| Best | 15 |
| Low | 15 |
Numbers include fatalities for all dyads both active and inactive for this year
1995
Primary Parties: -
Dimension: Internal
| Estimated Fatalities | |
|---|---|
| High | 4 |
| Best | 4 |
| Low | 4 |
Numbers include fatalities for all dyads both active and inactive for this year
1996
Primary Parties: Government of Myanmar (Burma) - BMA
Dimension: Internal
| Estimated Fatalities | |
|---|---|
| High | 80 |
| Best | 80 |
| Low | 80 |
Numbers include fatalities for all dyads both active and inactive for this year
1997
Primary Parties: -
Dimension: Internal
| Estimated Fatalities | |
|---|---|
| High | 0 |
| Best | 0 |
| Low | 0 |
Numbers include fatalities for all dyads both active and inactive for this year
2001
Primary Parties: -
Dimension: Internal
| Estimated Fatalities | |
|---|---|
| High | 1 |
| Best | 1 |
| Low | 1 |
Numbers include fatalities for all dyads both active and inactive for this year
2002
Primary Parties: -
Dimension: Internal
| Estimated Fatalities | |
|---|---|
| High | 1 |
| Best | 1 |
| Low | 1 |
Numbers include fatalities for all dyads both active and inactive for this year
2005
Primary Parties: -
Dimension: Internal
| Estimated Fatalities | |
|---|---|
| High | 0 |
| Best | 0 |
| Low | 0 |
Numbers include fatalities for all dyads both active and inactive for this year
2006
Primary Parties: -
Dimension: Internal
| Estimated Fatalities | |
|---|---|
| High | 0 |
| Best | 0 |
| Low | 0 |
Numbers include fatalities for all dyads both active and inactive for this year
2007
Primary Parties: -
Dimension: Internal
| Estimated Fatalities | |
|---|---|
| High | 0 |
| Best | 0 |
| Low | 0 |
Numbers include fatalities for all dyads both active and inactive for this year
2008
Primary Parties: -
Dimension: Internal
| Estimated Fatalities | |
|---|---|
| High | 8 |
| Best | 8 |
| Low | 8 |
Numbers include fatalities for all dyads both active and inactive for this year
2012
Primary Parties: -
Dimension: Internal
| Estimated Fatalities | |
|---|---|
| High | 0 |
| Best | 0 |
| Low | 0 |
Numbers include fatalities for all dyads both active and inactive for this year
2013
Primary Parties: -
Dimension: Internal
| Estimated Fatalities | |
|---|---|
| High | 3 |
| Best | 3 |
| Low | 3 |
Numbers include fatalities for all dyads both active and inactive for this year
2018
Primary Parties: -
Dimension: Internal
| Estimated Fatalities | |
|---|---|
| High | 0 |
| Best | 0 |
| Low | 0 |
Numbers include fatalities for all dyads both active and inactive for this year
Peace agreements
Name of peace agreement: Nationwide Ceasefire Agreement (LDU and NMSP)
Date when warring parties signed the agreement: 2018-02-13
Comment of peace agreement: Peace process agreement
The NCA peace process agreement was signed by the government and a large number of Ethnic Armed Organizations on 15 October 2015. The same agreement was signed by New Mon State Party (NMSP) and Lahu Democratic Union (LDU), signed the NCA with the government in Nay Pyi Taw on 13 February 2018. The agreement set out a number of basic principles which the signatories agreed to follow in the implementation, including “Reach a negotiated settlement to end protracted armed conflict in the Republic of the Union of Myanmar, secure a nationwide ceasefire as a first step to end armed conflict and establish a new political culture of resolving political conflicts through political dialogue instead of force of arms.”
The agreement included a ceasefire, to cease troop movement for territorial control, reconnaissance, recruitment, armed attacks, laying of mines, acts of violence, destruction of property, and launching of military offensives.
Regarding the incompatibility the NCA provided the holding of a national political dialogue based on an inclusive principle. To establish a union based on the principles of democracy and federalism.
The agreement also provided for the forming of a Joint Ceasefire Monitoring Committee. The signatories agreed to collaborate on the IDP resettlement process. Provide for the protection of civilians and equal rights to all citizens who live in Myanmar.
Signatories: President U Htin Kyaw,
State Consellor Daw Aung San Suu Kyi,
Vice President U Myint Swe,
Vice President U Henry Van Thio, Pyithu
Hluttaw Speaker U Win Myint, Amyotha
Hluttaw Speaker Mahn Win Khaing Than,
Tatmadaw Commander-in-Chief Senior General Min Aung Hlaing,
Tatmadaw Deputy Commander-in-Chief Vice Senior General Soe Win,
National Reconciliation and Peace Center Vice Chairman Union Minister U Kyaw
Tint Swe,
Union Attorney-General U Tun Tun Oo,
Peace Commission Chairman Dr. Tin Myo Win,
NMSP Chairperson Nai Htaw Mon,
Secretary General Nai Aung Min,
military chief Nai Layi Kaung,
LDU Chairperson Kyar Kun Sar,
Vice Chairman Kyar Solomon and central committee member Navis Bon
Comment of signatories: New Mon State Party (NMSP) and Lahu Democratic Union (LDU), signed the NCA with the government in Nay Pyi Taw on 13 February 2018.
Comment of Duration: On 1 February 2021 a coup d'état by the military of Myanmar succeeded in detaining President Win Myint and State Counsellor Aung San Suu Kyi, along with ministers, their deputies, and members of Parliament. The coup followed a general election in which Aung San Suu Kyi's NLD party had won. Min Aung Hlaing's assumed of the role of Chairman of the State Administration Council.
In response to the coup the Peace Process Steering Team (PSST), a group consisting of ethnic armed organizations (EAOs) that have signed the NCA released a statement condemning the coup but affirming their committment to the NCA. "We stand firm on the Nationwide Ceasefire Agreement (NCA) and act accordingly regarding the peace process."
2019
Primary Parties: -
Dimension: Internal
| Estimated Fatalities | |
|---|---|
| High | 1 |
| Best | 0 |
| Low | 0 |
Numbers include fatalities for all dyads both active and inactive for this year
2024
Primary Parties: -
Dimension: Internal
| Estimated Fatalities | |
|---|---|
| High | 0 |
| Best | 0 |
| Low | 0 |
Numbers include fatalities for all dyads both active and inactive for this year
Conflict Archive
This section contains annual information no longer systematically collected by the UCDP.
1990 Conflict Archive
Comment on Activity: An offensive launched in the end of January led to the capture of the NMSP headquarter on 13 February. In March, the NMSP staged an offensive against a nearby military camp as well as a police station.
Negotiations: NO
Third party involvement: NO
Victory: NO
Terminated: YES
Type of termination: No or Low Activity
Date of termination: 1990-12-31
1992 Conflict Archive
Terminated: NO
1993 Conflict Archive
Terminated: NO
1994 Conflict Archive
Negotiations: YES
Comment on Negotiation: Negotiations that started at the end of 1993 continued into January. A new meeting between the NMSP and the Myanmarese government was held starting on 25 March, and further meetings were planned.
Third party involvement: NO
Victory: NO
Terminated: NO
1995 Conflict Archive
Negotiations: YES
Comment on Negotiation: On 29 June, the NMSP signed a ceasefire agreement with the Myanmarese government. Under the conditions of the agreement they were allowed to keep their arms. In a statement, the NMSP vice chairman Nia Htin said that 40 years of fighting had brought nothing but misery to the people in Mon state. In August, it is announced that more comprehensive peace talks between the groups will commence in the near future.
Third party involvement: NO
Victory: NO
Terminated: NO
1996 Conflict Archive
Comment on Yearly Battle Related Deaths: At least around 80 people were killed in clashes between the Myanmar military and the BMA in late 1996.
Negotiations: NO
Third party involvement: NO
Victory side: a
Terminated: YES
Type of termination: No or Low Activity
Date of termination: 1996-12-31
Comment on Termination: The rebellion of the BMA in December 1996 failed to garner large-scale support among the Mon population, and offensives by the Myanmar military as well as clashes with the ceasefire troops of NMSP forced the group to retreat into areas controlled by the KNU (see the conflict Myanmar (Karen).
Comment on Termination Date: Sporadic clashes involving BMA continued in early 1997, but these primarily involved attacks on the NMSP rather than the Myanmar government. On 1 May 1997, the BMA officially ceased its armed opposition as it traded its guns for peace in an official ceremony.
1997 Conflict Archive
Negotiations: NO
Third party involvement: NO
Victory: NO
Terminated: NO
2001 Conflict Archive
Terminated: NO
2002 Conflict Archive
Terminated: NO
2005 Conflict Archive
Terminated: NO
2006 Conflict Archive
Terminated: NO
2007 Conflict Archive
Terminated: NO
2008 Conflict Archive
Terminated: NO
2012 Conflict Archive
Comment on Activity: Not active in 2012.
Comment on Yearly Battle Related Deaths: No reports of battle related deaths.
Negotiations: YES
Comment on Negotiation: The NMSP signed a ceasefire agreement with the government on 2012-02-01.
Third party involvement: NO
Victory: NO
Terminated: NO
2013 Conflict Archive
Terminated: NO
2018 Conflict Archive
Terminated: NO
2019 Conflict Archive
Terminated: NO
2024 Conflict Archive
Terminated: NO
