General information
Part of Conflict: n/a
First Battle Related Death: 2021-01-28
Comment on First Battle Related Death: On 28 January 2021, a gang leader close to the G9 alliance, carried out an attack on the area of Bois 9. That neighborhood was controlled by G-Pep. The attack was part of an effort to take over more territory. At least two people were killed during the attack.
Date when dyad reached 25 battle releated deaths: 2021-05-12
Comment on date when dyad reached 25 battle related deaths: On 12 May 2021 Jimmy Chérizier, leader of the G9, visited the Cité Soleil area and was attacked by Ti Gabriel, leader of the G-Pep. In the shootout that followed, 15 people were killed: three members of G9, two members of G-Pep, and ten civilians.
Conflict issues
Annual information
This section contains annual information systematically collected by the UCDP.
2021
| Estimated Fatalities | |
|---|---|
| High | 67 |
| Best | 52 |
| Low | 52 |
Secondary Warring Support:
Side A (G9): n/a
Side B (G-Pep): n/a
2022
| Estimated Fatalities | |
|---|---|
| High | 104 |
| Best | 104 |
| Low | 104 |
Secondary Warring Support:
Side A (G9): n/a
Side B (G-Pep): n/a
2023
| Estimated Fatalities | |
|---|---|
| High | 80 |
| Best | 76 |
| Low | 74 |
Secondary Warring Support:
Side A (G9): n/a
Side B (G-Pep): n/a
2024
| Estimated Fatalities | |
|---|---|
| High | 159 |
| Best | 159 |
| Low | 159 |
Secondary Warring Support:
Side A (G9): n/a
Side B (G-Pep): n/a
Dyad Archive
This section contains annual information no longer systematically collected by the UCDP.
2021 Dyad Archive
Comment on Yearly Battle Related Deaths: Several instances of clashes between the gangs took place in both Cité Soleil and Bel Air during 2021, leaving significant human losses that once again surpassed UCDP's threshold of 25 battle-related deaths. .
Comment on Active: The dyad remained active in 2021 through constant fighting between the gangs in search for territorial expansion.
Terminated: NO
2022 Dyad Archive
Comment on Yearly Battle Related Deaths: In July 2022, violent clashes erupted between the gangs in Cité Soleil driven by territorial disputes and efforts to control key routes in and out of the capital. The fighting lasted several days and including one other instance of gang fighting, the year had a total of over 100 deaths including members of both gangs and civilians caught in crossfire.
Comment on Active: In 2022, fighting between the G9 and G-Pèp coalitions continued across various parts of Port-au-Prince, especially in Cité Soleil, as both groups battled for territorial control.
Terminated: NO
2023 Dyad Archive
Comment on Yearly Battle Related Deaths: Fighting between both gangs was constant throughout the year, however, the most intense fighting took place between 14 and 19 April. During those days, clashes in several neighborhoods of Cité Soleil left nearly 75 people dead including members of both gangs as well as civilians who were killed in the crossfire.
Comment on Active: In 2023 the dyad remained active. Fighting between the gangs broke out several times during the year both in Port-au-Prince and in Cité Soleil.
Terminated: NO
2024 Dyad Archive
Comment on Yearly Battle Related Deaths: In January, intense fighting broke out in downtown neighborhoods like La Saline, Wharf Jérémie, Pont-Rouge, and Carrefour de l’Aviation, sparked by internal fractures within the G9 coalition and disputes over the flow of goods and fuel from the Varreux oil terminal. Over five days, at least 20 gang members from both sides were killed, alongside at least 10 civilians. The violence continued into February, when the G9-affiliated Chen Mechan gang and Ti Gabriel’s G-Pèp forces battled for control of Cité Soleil. During these clashes, gang members shot dead at least 127 residents who had taken refuge in their homes or were fleeing the violence in several neighborhoods of Cité Soleil and Tabarre.
Comment on Active: The conflict remained active in 2024 leaving at least 159 fatalities including members of both gangs and civilians killed in crossfire. The fighting took place in January and early February before the gangs went on to form the Viv Ansanm coalition.
Terminated: NO
