General information
Part of Conflict: DR Congo (Zaire): Government
Date of first stated goals of incompatibility: 2018-01-08
Comment on date of first stated goal of incompatibility: The Patriotic Union for Liberation of Congo (UPLC) also known as Mayi Mayi Kilalo was and armed group formed in 2016. In a public statement dated 8 January 2018 UPLC declared the end of the Kabila regime and called on the army, the police and all Congolese compatriots to "dissociate themselves from the enemies of peace and to stand behind UPLC and its armed wing known as FPC, to chase the invading criminals of our national territory, the Democratic Republic of Congo, DRC."
Date of first use of armed force: 2018-01-09
Comment on date of first use of armed force: On 9 January UPLC attacked Butembo releasing a statement calling for attacks against the Congolese State the day before. In December 2016, which is before the stated goal of incompatibility, the group also attacked Butembo killing a South African peacekeeper, a
Congolese soldier, a police officer and a civilian.
First Battle Related Death: 2018-01-09
Comment on First Battle Related Death: At least three Congolese soldiers were reportedly killed during the 9 January attack on Butembo.
Date when dyad reached 25 battle releated deaths: 2018-10-15
Conflict issues
Annual information
This section contains annual information systematically collected by the UCDP.
2017
| Estimated Fatalities | |
|---|---|
| High | 0 |
| Best | 0 |
| Low | 0 |
Secondary Warring Support:
Side A (Government of DR Congo (Zaire)): n/a
Side B (UPLC): n/a
2018
| Estimated Fatalities | |
|---|---|
| High | 47 |
| Best | 41 |
| Low | 41 |
Secondary Warring Support:
Side A (Government of DR Congo (Zaire)): Government of Malawi, Government of South Africa, Government of Tanzania
Side B (UPLC): n/a
2019
| Estimated Fatalities | |
|---|---|
| High | 37 |
| Best | 37 |
| Low | 37 |
Secondary Warring Support:
Side A (Government of DR Congo (Zaire)): Government of Malawi, Government of South Africa, Government of Tanzania
Side B (UPLC): n/a
2020
| Estimated Fatalities | |
|---|---|
| High | 0 |
| Best | 0 |
| Low | 0 |
Secondary Warring Support:
Side A (Government of DR Congo (Zaire)): n/a
Side B (UPLC): n/a
2021
| Estimated Fatalities | |
|---|---|
| High | 0 |
| Best | 0 |
| Low | 0 |
Secondary Warring Support:
Side A (Government of DR Congo (Zaire)): n/a
Side B (UPLC): n/a
2022
| Estimated Fatalities | |
|---|---|
| High | 3 |
| Best | 3 |
| Low | 3 |
Secondary Warring Support:
Side A (Government of DR Congo (Zaire)): n/a
Side B (UPLC): n/a
2023
| Estimated Fatalities | |
|---|---|
| High | 0 |
| Best | 0 |
| Low | 0 |
Secondary Warring Support:
Side A (Government of DR Congo (Zaire)): n/a
Side B (UPLC): n/a
2025
| Estimated Fatalities | |
|---|---|
| High | 0 |
| Best | 0 |
| Low | 0 |
Secondary Warring Support:
Side A (Government of DR Congo (Zaire)): n/a
Side B (UPLC): n/a
Dyad Archive
This section contains annual information no longer systematically collected by the UCDP.
2017 Dyad Archive
Terminated: NO
2018 Dyad Archive
Comment on Active: UPLC also known as Mayi-Mayi Kilalo clashed with FARDC in Lubero and around Beni town.
Negotiations: NO
Victory: NO
Terminated: NO
Type of termination: Not terminated
2019 Dyad Archive
Comment on Active: Mayi-Mayi Kilalo - UPLC was mainly active in the area between Beni and Butembo in Nord Kivu, DR Congo (Zaire). Colonel Mayani's combatants of the group laid down their arms arms in July but many of them, mainly those loyal to Saperita, returned to the bush in early October.
Negotiations: YES
Comment on Negotiations: Negotiations were held over the surrender of the group in July.
Victory: YES
Victorious side: a
Comment on Victory: UPLC surrendered to the new Government led by Tshisekedi in October 2019.
Terminated: YES
Type of termination: Victory
Date of termination: 2019-10-26
Comment on Termination: More than 800 UPLC surrendered to FARDC on 26 October 2019 in Kalunguta.
Comment on Termination Date: On 26 October a ceremony was held in which UPLC combatants symbolically handed over weapons to the armed forces of the Government (FARDC).
2020 Dyad Archive
Negotiations: NO
Victory: NO
Terminated: NO
2021 Dyad Archive
Terminated: NO
2022 Dyad Archive
Terminated: NO
2023 Dyad Archive
Terminated: NO
2025 Dyad Archive
Terminated: NO
