General information
Part of Conflict: n/a
First Battle Related Death: 2013-12-19
Date when dyad reached 25 battle releated deaths: 2013-12-22
Comment on date when dyad reached 25 battle related deaths: SPLM/A - IO first became active as a one-sided actor in UCDP data in 2013, when the one-sided violence resulted in more than 25 civilian deaths. The threshold was reached in mid-December of that year when the group's attacks against civilians had resulted in more than 100 deaths.
Conflict issues
Annual information
This section contains annual information systematically collected by the UCDP.
2013
| Estimated Fatalities | |
|---|---|
| High | 128 |
| Best | 103 |
| Low | 103 |
Secondary Warring Support:
Side A (SPLM/A - IO): n/a
Side B (Civilians): n/a
2014
| Estimated Fatalities | |
|---|---|
| High | 676 |
| Best | 582 |
| Low | 582 |
Secondary Warring Support:
Side A (SPLM/A - IO): n/a
Side B (Civilians): n/a
2015
| Estimated Fatalities | |
|---|---|
| High | 1 |
| Best | 1 |
| Low | 1 |
Secondary Warring Support:
Side A (SPLM/A - IO): n/a
Side B (Civilians): n/a
2016
| Estimated Fatalities | |
|---|---|
| High | 41 |
| Best | 41 |
| Low | 41 |
Secondary Warring Support:
Side A (SPLM/A - IO): n/a
Side B (Civilians): n/a
2017
| Estimated Fatalities | |
|---|---|
| High | 85 |
| Best | 24 |
| Low | 22 |
Secondary Warring Support:
Side A (SPLM/A - IO): n/a
Side B (Civilians): n/a
2018
| Estimated Fatalities | |
|---|---|
| High | 44 |
| Best | 27 |
| Low | 27 |
Secondary Warring Support:
Side A (SPLM/A - IO): n/a
Side B (Civilians): n/a
2019
| Estimated Fatalities | |
|---|---|
| High | 35 |
| Best | 34 |
| Low | 1 |
Secondary Warring Support:
Side A (SPLM/A - IO): n/a
Side B (Civilians): n/a
2020
| Estimated Fatalities | |
|---|---|
| High | 0 |
| Best | 0 |
| Low | 0 |
Secondary Warring Support:
Side A (SPLM/A - IO): n/a
Side B (Civilians): n/a
2022
| Estimated Fatalities | |
|---|---|
| High | 0 |
| Best | 0 |
| Low | 0 |
Secondary Warring Support:
Side A (SPLM/A - IO): n/a
Side B (Civilians): n/a
2025
| Estimated Fatalities | |
|---|---|
| High | 2 |
| Best | 2 |
| Low | 2 |
Secondary Warring Support:
Side A (SPLM/A - IO): n/a
Side B (Civilians): n/a
Dyad Archive
This section contains annual information no longer systematically collected by the UCDP.
2013 Dyad Archive
Comment on Active: The SPLM/A In Opposition first used one-sided violence in mid-December 2013 following the start of fighting with South Sudan’s government forces. The majority of the one-sided violence took place in the town of Bor in Jonglei state.
Terminated: NO
2014 Dyad Archive
Comment on Yearly Battle Related Deaths: Only clear cases of one-sided violence are included in UCDP data. Notably during 2014 several mass graves was found on different locations in South Sudan. However, due to the lack of information and verification of how these people had died it was not possible to include these numbers into one of the UCDP categories of violence. The difference in the estimates of fatalities is due to a lack of verification in some of the events.
Comment on Active: The SPLM/A In Opposition carried out one-sided violence during 2014. The one-sided violence often had the characteristics of retaliatory attacks after that the SPLM/A In Opposition had taken control of a town from government forces. On occasion, civilians from the ethnic group Nuer joined, and was armed by, SPLM/A In Opposition in their attacks which often were directed at the Dinka population. This reinforced the ethnic aspect of the conflict where the rebel leader Riek Machar is Nuer and President Salva Kiir is Dinka.
The largest event of one-sided violence in 2014 by the SPLM/A In Opposition took place in Bentiu town in Unity state in mid-April. Hundreds of civilians had taken shelter inside a mosque when forces from the SPLM/A In Opposition attacked them, killing at least 287 persons.
Terminated: NO
2015 Dyad Archive
Terminated: NO
2016 Dyad Archive
Comment on Active: In 2016 the SPLM/A In Opposition attacked trucks and buses with fleeing civilians in the Equatorian states on a number of times. The largest attack took place in October when the SPLM/A In Opposition ambushed civilians fleeing the fighting in Yei town in Central Equatoria, more than 30 people were killed, most of them were from the Dinka ethnic group.
Terminated: NO
2017 Dyad Archive
Terminated: NO
2018 Dyad Archive
Terminated: NO
2019 Dyad Archive
Terminated: NO
2020 Dyad Archive
Terminated: NO
2022 Dyad Archive
Terminated: NO
2025 Dyad Archive
Terminated: NO
