General information
Type of Incompatibility: Government and Territory
Territory: DR Congo (Zaire)
Date of first battle related death: 2013-02-07
Date of conflict reached 25 battle releated deaths: 2013-03-10
Comment on conflict reached 25 battle releated deaths: The [non-state conflict(/#nonstate/12306) between M23 and M23-R is first included in UCDP data in 2013. In March of that year clashes between the two groups led to more than 25 battle-related deaths.
Annual information
This section contains annual information systematically collected by the UCDP.
2013
Primary Parties: M23 - M23-R
Dimension: Non-State
| Estimated Fatalities | |
|---|---|
| High | 412 |
| Best | 41 |
| Low | 36 |
Numbers include fatalities for all dyads both active and inactive for this year
Conflict Archive
This section contains annual information no longer systematically collected by the UCDP.
2013 Conflict Archive
Comment on Activity: In the beginning of 2013 a split appeared in the M23 rebel group pitting Makenga supporters against Runiga (and Ntaganda) supporters. The main military leader of M23 was Sultani Makenga but from the start the group was divided in two branches with one being more close to Bosco Ntaganda. The political spokesman Jean-Marie Runiga was seen as close to Ntaganda. In February the divide between the two leaders deepened after signing the Framework agreement on 24 February violent clashes broke out. Runiga was dismissed by Makenga. After a month of fighting on 18 March 2013, Bosco Ntaganda handed himself in to the U.S. embassy in Kigali, Rwanda where he requested transfer to the International Criminal Court in The Hague, Netherlands.
Terminated: NO
