SUMMARY

When Mohamed Morsi, a member of the Muslim Brotherhood, assumed office as President on 30 June 2012, after winning Egypt’s first competitive presidential election, many hoped that the turbulent period since the ouster of ex-President Hosni Mubarak was over. One year later, in June 2013, many people were discontent with Morsi’s failure to improve the country’s economy as well as his attempts to increase his own power. Fuel shortages coupled with rising food-prices as well as steeply increased crime levels due to a shortage of police officers, resulted in many arguing that the country was worse off than before Morsi assumed office.

Morsi did, however, have a large support base, including the Muslim Brotherhood and its supporters. Supporters of the president argued that the Morsi administration had been undermined from the start by members of the former Mubarak regime.

In December 2012, a new constitution, drafted by an Islamist-dominated assembly, was supported by a majority of the voters in a public referendum. The new constitution emphasised the role of Islam and restricted freedom of speech and assembly. While it was approved by a majority of the voters, it was widely criticised by many, including secular opposition leaders, Copts and women’s groups.

The situation in Egypt grew increasingly tense during the spring and early summer of 2013. In June mass protests were held in favour of the sitting president.

Supporters of Mohamed Morsi has been involved in the non-state category of UCDP organised violence.